ANAPC5(Anaphase-Promoting Complex Subunit 5)是后期促进复合物(APC/C)的一个关键亚基,属于APC/C基因家族。APC/C是一个多亚基泛素连接酶复合物,负责调控细胞周期进程,主要通过泛素化标记特定蛋白使其被蛋白酶体降解,从而控制细胞从分裂中期到后期的转换以及退出有丝分裂。APC/C家族的共性是其成员共同组成泛素连接酶复合物,通过靶向周期蛋白(如Cyclin B)和分离酶抑制蛋白(Securin)等关键调控蛋白的降解,确保染色体精确分离和细胞周期有序进行。ANAPC5作为结构亚基,与其他亚基(如ANAPC1、ANAPC2等)协同维持APC/C的稳定性与催化活性。其表达产物本身无酶活性,但对复合物的组装和功能不可或缺。主要作用位点是细胞核和细胞质,参与有丝分裂和减数分裂的调控。若ANAPC5发生功能丧失性突变,可能导致APC/C复合物组装异常,引发染色体分离错误、非整倍体(染色体数目异常)或细胞周期停滞,进而促进肿瘤发生。研究发现ANAPC5表达异常与多种癌症(如结直肠癌、乳腺癌)相关,其过表达可能通过过度降解细胞周期抑制蛋白(如p21)导致增殖失控,而低表达则可能阻碍APC/C功能,引起基因组不稳定性。此外,ANAPC5在神经元发育中也起作用,其缺失可能导致神经退行性病变。该基因的调控异常还可能影响其他依赖APC/C的基因或通路,如Wnt信号通路(与细胞增殖和分化相关)。目前针对ANAPC5的研究多集中于其在癌症中的作用,潜在治疗策略包括调控APC/C活性以恢复细胞周期稳态。专业术语解释:泛素化(Ubiquitination)是一种蛋白质修饰过程,标记目标蛋白使其被降解;非整倍体(Aneuploidy)指细胞染色体数目异常;周期蛋白(Cyclin)是调控细胞周期进程的蛋白质家族。
该基因编码的后期促进复合物/研究他们(APC / C)中,一个大的E3泛素连接酶通过靶向许多细胞周期调控因子如B型细胞周期蛋白的控制细胞周期进程的含重复-三十四肽组分通过泛素化的26S蛋白酶介导的降解。所编码的蛋白质所需的APC / C的适当的泛素化作用和用于APC / C与转录共激活因子的相互作用。它也与多聚A结合蛋白相互作用并抑制了内部核糖体进入位点介导的翻译。已发现该基因编码不同亚型的多个抄本变形。这些差异导致翻译起始于以更短的蛋白质(同种型b)一种下游AUG和结果相比,同种型a。 [由RefSeq的,2008年11月提供]
ANAPC5基因(以及对应的蛋白质)的细胞分布位置:
ANAPC5基因的本体(GO)信息:
| 名称 |
|---|
| 4120 Ubiquitin mediated proteolysis [PATH:hsa04120] |
| 4110 Cell cycle [PATH:hsa04110] |
| 4114 Oocyte meiosis [PATH:hsa04114] |
| 4914 Progesterone-mediated oocyte maturation [PATH:hsa04914] |
| 5166 HTLV-I infection [PATH:hsa05166] |
| 名称 |
|---|
| Activation of APC/C and APC/C:Cdc20 mediated degradation of mitotic proteins |
| Adaptive Immune System |
| Antigen processing: Ubiquitination & Proteasome degradation |
| APC-Cdc20 mediated degradation of Nek2A |
| APC:Cdc20 mediated degradation of cell cycle proteins prior to satisfation of the cell cycle checkpoint |
| APC/C-mediated degradation of cell cycle proteins |
| APC/C:Cdc20 mediated degradation of Cyclin B |
| APC/C:Cdc20 mediated degradation of mitotic proteins |
| APC/C:Cdc20 mediated degradation of Securin |
| APC/C:Cdh1 mediated degradation of Cdc20 and other APC/C:Cdh1 targeted proteins in late mitosis/early G1 |
| Autodegradation of Cdh1 by Cdh1:APC/C |
| Cdc20:Phospho-APC/C mediated degradation of Cyclin A |
| Cell Cycle |
| Cell Cycle Checkpoints |
| Cell Cycle, Mitotic |
| Cellular responses to stress |
| Cellular Senescence |
| Class I MHC mediated antigen processing & presentation |
| Conversion from APC/C:Cdc20 to APC/C:Cdh1 in late anaphase |
| Immune System |
| Inactivation of APC/C via direct inhibition of the APC/C complex |
| Inhibition of the proteolytic activity of APC/C required for the onset of anaphase by mitotic spindle checkpoint components |
| M Phase |
| Mitotic Anaphase |
| Mitotic Metaphase and Anaphase |
| Mitotic Spindle Checkpoint |
| Phosphorylation of the APC/C |
| Regulation of APC/C activators between G1/S and early anaphase |
| Regulation of mitotic cell cycle |
| Senescence-Associated Secretory Phenotype (SASP) |
| Separation of Sister Chromatids |
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