CST4 (cystatin S)

Gene Basic Information

Gene Basic Information

symbol
CST4
locus group
protein-coding gene
location
20p11.21
gene_family
-
alias symbol
-
alias name
None
entrez id
1472
ensembl gene id
ENSG00000101441
ucsc gene id
uc002wto.2
refseq accession
NM_001899
hgnc_id
HGNC:2476
approved reserved
1993-01-20

Chromosome Location

Chromosome Location

20p11.21

Gene Summary

Gene Summary

ChineseEnglish

The cystatin superfamily encompasses proteins that contain multiple cystatin-like sequences. Some of the members are active cysteine protease inhibitors, while others have lost or perhaps never acquired this inhibitory activity. There are three inhibitory families in the superfamily, including the type 1 cystatins (stefins), type 2 cystatins and the kininogens. The type 2 cystatin proteins are a class of cysteine proteinase inhibitors found in a variety of human fluids and secretions. The cystatin locus on chromosome 20 contains the majority of the type 2 cystatin genes and pseudogenes. This gene is located in the cystatin locus and encodes a type 2 salivary cysteine peptidase inhibitor. The protein is an S-type cystatin, based on its high level of expression in saliva, tears and seminal plasma. The specific role in these fluids is unclear but antibacterial and antiviral activity is present, consistent with a protective function. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

OMIM entry for CST4     Wikipedia entry for CST4

Gene Sequence

Gene Sequence

Nucleotide sequence of CST4:[NCBI]
Loading Gene Browser...

Encoded Protein

Encoded Protein

Protein Sequence
1MARPLCTLLL LMATLAGALA SSSKEENRII PGGIYDADLN
41DEWVQRALHF AISEYNKATE DEYYRRPLQV LRAREQTFGG
81 VNYFFDVEV GRTICTKSQP NLDTCAFHEQ PELQKKQLCS
121FEIYEVPWED RMSLVNSRCQ EA
Structure predicted by AlphaFold DB(UniProt: P01036). Color indicates pLDDT confidence (dark blue = high, yellow/orange = low).

Gene Variants

Gene Variants

SNP variants of CST4:           Showing partial SNPs
rs2282378       rs2405664       rs2405667       rs2405668       rs2405669       rs2405670       rs2405675       rs2405677       rs2897201       rs3210291       rs3761285       rs6048990       rs6048991       rs6048993       rs6048994       rs6048995       rs6048996      

Gene Expression

Gene Expression

Tissue expression of CST4:    [UniProt]

Gene expression across tissues

Gene Primers

Gene Primers

Forward Primer
Forward Tm
Reverse Primer
Reverse Tm
Score
ACCATATGTACCAAGTCCCA
58
GCACAACTGTTTCTTCTGC
58
TATGTACCAAGTCCCAGCC
59
AAGAGCACAACTGTTTCTTCTG
60
ATATGTACCAAGTCCCAGCC
59
AGAGCACAACTGTTTCTTCTG
59

Gene Ontology

Subcellular localization of CST4 (and its protein):

[UniProt]     [GenomeNet]

" d="M482.414,245.296c3.539,4.293,4.455,10.009,0.202,11 c-4.244,0.996-4.983-10.983-8.293-8.438c-5.271,4.08,9.834,12.271,5.144,17.287c-3.717,3.607-6.172-5.75-10.839-1.976 c-4.673,3.776,6.781,7.299,2.831,11.326c-4.354,4.045-6.979-1.449-9.837-5.517c-1.193-1.742-2.059-3.851-3.595-2.748 c-1.516,1.078-1.854,1.795-0.938,3.666c2.374,4.854,9.235,10.119,5.156,12.535c-5.636,3.346-5.044-8.871-9.426-7.574 c-4.388,1.291,2.557,10.66-1.245,11.141c-4.089,0.545-3.483-10.239-6.979-8.575c-2.522,1.206-0.929,3.071-0.938,4.899 c0.004,1.32-0.964,3.6-2.372,4.062c-3.593,1.171-8.544-1.065-10.251-3.59c-6.04-8.93,0.396-15.997,4.639-7.015 c3.023,4.642,5.182,0.834,2.839-2.219c-1.032-1.354-4.309-5.901-0.781-7.252c2.904-1.113,4.271,1.941,5.985,4.592 c2.61,4.016,5.485,0.117,3.031-3.414c-1.828-2.633-2.74-3.803,3.156-7.42c6.405-4.369,6.52,3.869,10.077,0.646 c2.309-1.832-4.783-5.149,0.06-8.995c2.896-2.293,5.18,6.207,7.961,3.516c3.523-2.737-7.717-7.369,0.117-11.736 C473.413,240.77,480.519,242.891,482.414,245.296z"/> Extracellular space Cytosol Plasma membrane Cytoskeleton Lysosome Endosome Peroxisome ER Golgi Apparatus Nucleus Mitochondrion 0 1 2 3 4 5 Confidence
  • plasma membrane
  • cytoplasm
  • extracellular
  • golgi
  • vesicle
  • cytoskeleton
  • endoplasmic reticulum
  • nucleus
  • endosome
  • lysosome
  • mitochondrion

Gene Ontology (GO) terms for CST4:

GO ID
Protein
Source DB
GO:0001580
P01036 (UniProtKB)
IDA
GO:0001895
P01036 (UniProtKB)
IEP
GO:0004869
P01036 (UniProtKB)
IDA
GO:0005615
P01036 (UniProtKB)
IDA
GO:0005615
P01036 (UniProtKB)
IDA
GO:0005615
P01036 (UniProtKB)
IDA
GO:0005615
P01036 (UniProtKB)
IDA
GO:0010951
P01036 (UniProtKB)
IEA
GO:0045861
P01036 (UniProtKB)
IDA
GO:0070062
P01036 (UniProtKB)
IDA
GO:0070062
P01036 (UniProtKB)
IDA

Related microRNA

Related microRNA

microRNAs potentially regulating CST4:     

Gene Interactions

Gene Interactions

String
BioGrid
IntAct
mentha
Loading…
Interacting Gene Interaction Source/Score

Gene Pathways

Gene Pathways

Related Diseases

Related Diseases

Disease Score NofPmids NofSnps Source
Disease Score NofPmids NofSnps Source
Bacterial Vaginosis 0.000271442 1 0 BeFree
Vulvovaginal atrophy 0.000271442 1 0 BeFree

Related Publications

Related Publications

Systemic serological signatures and novel biomarker CST4 link CagA-positive Helicobacter pylori to broad systemic alterations.
Xu C, Lu S, Zhang S, Chang M, Zhang S, Xu W, Zhu M Front Cell Infect Microbiol IF: 5.5 None
CST4 promotes EMT and tumor progression in ovarian cancer via Wnt/β-catenin signaling.
Shao J, Gao W, Li Y, Yang B, Guo S, Zhang Q, Zhou L, Ma S Discov Oncol 2026-02-27
Multi-modal models using fMRI, urine and serum biomarkers for classification and risk prognosis in diabetic kidney disease.
Shao X, Xu H, Chen L, Bai P, Sun H, Yang Q, Chen R, Lin Q, Wang L, Li Y, Lin Y, Yu P Diabetes Obes Metab IF: 6.1 2025-09-00
Clinical value of cystatin S in patients with colorectal cancer chemotherapy.
Han T, Deng S, Xia D, Jin K, Mei C Front Oncol IF: 3.4 2025-00-00
Salivary small extracellular vesicles reveal protein signatures in young patients with coronary artery disease.
Sharma P, Sancheti M, Inampudi KK, Roy A, Dhamija RK Clin Proteomics IF: 4.3 2025-10-08
ITRAQ and PRM-based quantitative saliva proteomics in gastric cancer: biomarker discovery.
Liu Z, Liu J, Chachar Z, Mo J, Chi H, Wen R, Luo K, Huang L, Li G, Zhang C, Mao Y, Cai Y, Wu Z, Huang F Front Mol Biosci 2025-00-00
Vaginal microbiota: different roles of lactobacilli and community instability in chronic vulvovaginal discomfort.
Buchta V, Nekvindová J, Leško D, Vrbacký F, Veščičík P, Uhlířová Z, Andrýs C, Bolehovská R, Kacerovský M, Špaček J, Mrkvicová A, Skalská H, Plíšková L Front Cell Infect Microbiol IF: 5.5 2025-00-00

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