CST3(Cystatin 3)是一种半胱氨酸蛋白酶抑制剂,属于胱抑素(Cystatin)超家族中的II型胱抑素家族成员。该基因家族的主要共性是能够抑制半胱氨酸蛋白酶(如组织蛋白酶B、H、L等)的活性,从而参与调控蛋白质降解、炎症反应、免疫调节及细胞凋亡等生物学过程。CST3在多种组织中广泛表达,尤其在脑脊液、唾液和精液中含量较高,其表达产物Cystatin C是一种低分子量蛋白质,具有重要的生理功能。CST3的主要作用位点包括溶酶体和细胞外空间,通过与半胱氨酸蛋白酶结合,抑制其活性,防止过度蛋白水解导致的组织损伤。CST3的突变可能导致其抑制功能丧失,与多种疾病相关,如阿尔茨海默病(淀粉样蛋白沉积增加)、脑动脉瘤和某些癌症(如胶质瘤和乳腺癌),因其调控异常可能促进肿瘤侵袭和转移。CST3过表达可能增强对蛋白酶的抑制,减少组织破坏,但过度抑制也可能干扰正常的蛋白降解过程,影响细胞功能;而CST3表达降低则可能导致蛋白酶活性升高,加剧炎症或组织损伤,例如在神经退行性疾病中,Cystatin C水平下降可能加速淀粉样蛋白积累。此外,CST3还与其他基因或通路相互作用,如通过调节NF-κB信号通路影响炎症反应。II型胱抑素家族成员通常具有保守的结构域(如两个二硫键和一个蛋白酶结合环),但CST3因其独特的组织分布和功能特点(如作为肾小球滤过率的标志物)在临床诊断中具有重要价值。
The cystatin superfamily encompasses proteins that contain multiple cystatin-like sequences. Some of the members are active cysteine protease inhibitors, while others have lost or perhaps never acquired this inhibitory activity. There are three inhibitory families in the superfamily, including the type 1 cystatins (stefins), type 2 cystatins and the kininogens. The type 2 cystatin proteins are a class of cysteine proteinase inhibitors found in a variety of human fluids and secretions, where they appear to provide protective functions. The cystatin locus on chromosome 20 contains the majority of the type 2 cystatin genes and pseudogenes. This gene is located in the cystatin locus and encodes the most abundant extracellular inhibitor of cysteine proteases, which is found in high concentrations in biological fluids and is expressed in virtually all organs of the body. A mutation in this gene has been associated with amyloid angiopathy. Expression of this protein in vascular wall smooth muscle cells is severely reduced in both atherosclerotic and aneurysmal aortic lesions, establishing its role in vascular disease. In addition, this protein has been shown to have an antimicrobial function, inhibiting the replication of herpes simplex virus. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding a single protein. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2014]
Subcellular localization of CST3 (and its protein):
Gene Ontology (GO) terms for CST3:
| Interacting Gene | Interaction | Source/Score |
| Disease | Score | NofPmids | NofSnps | Source |
| Hereditary Cerebral Amyloid Angiopathy, Icelandic Type | 0.361900093 | 8 | 1 | BeFree_CLINVAR_ORPHANET_UNIPROT |
| Age-Related Macular Degeneration type 11 | 0.36 | 1 | 1 | CLINVAR_CTD_human_UNIPROT |
| Alzheimer's Disease | 0.178685116 | 32 | 0 | BeFree_CTD_human_GAD_LHGDN |
| Kidney Diseases | 0.126263026 | 7 | 0 | BeFree_CTD_human_LHGDN |
| Cardiovascular Diseases | 0.123724241 | 7 | 0 | BeFree_CTD_human_GAD |
| Meningioma | 0.123267234 | 2 | 0 | BeFree_CTD_human_LHGDN |
| Chronic Kidney Diseases | 0.122714419 | 10 | 3 | BeFree_GWASCAT |
| Oral Submucous Fibrosis | 0.122638474 | 2 | 0 | BeFree_CTD_human_GAD |
| Familial Cerebral Amyloid Angiopathy | 0.120814326 | 4 | 0 | BeFree_CTD_human |
| Leukemia, Myelocytic, Acute | 0.120271442 | 2 | 0 | BeFree_CTD_human |
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