Abstract
Trichomes in Arabidopsis are single-celled hairs that exhibit a regular spacing pattern. Here, the role of TRIPTYCHON (TRY) in the generation of this spacing pattern is studied. By using genetic mosaics, we demonstrate that the formation of trichome clusters in try mutants is not correlated with cell lineage, indicating that TRY is required to single out trichome cells in a process involving cellular interactions. The genetic interactions of TRY, GLABRA1 (GL1), and TRANSPARENT TESTA GLABRA (T TG) in trichome patterning are assessed by determining the cluster frequency in various genetic combinations. It is shown that TRY acts as a negative regulator of GL1- and TTG-dependent pathways. Furthermore, it is demonstrated that trichome initiation in ttg-1, a strong ttg allele, is rescued almost to wild-type levels in a try background in which GL1 is expressed under the control of the cauliflower mosaic virus 35S promoter, indicating that T TG acts upstream of GL1 and TRY. These findings are incorporated into a model to explain the generation of a trichome spacing pattern from a homogeneous population of epidermal cells.
MeSH Terms
Arabidopsis/cytology,genetics
Arabidopsis Proteins
Cell Communication
DNA-Binding Proteins/genetics
Genes, Plant
Genotype
Models, Biological
Plant Leaves/cytology
Plant Proteins/genetics
Chemicals
Arabidopsis Proteins
DNA-Binding Proteins
Plant Proteins
GL1 protein, Arabidopsis
Authors & Affiliations
5 authors, click to expand affiliations / ORCID
Schnittger A
Entwicklungsgenetik, Zentrum für Molekularbiologie der Pflanzen, Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 1, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany.
Folkers U
Schwab B
Jürgens G
Hülskamp M
References (29)
29 references, click to expand
-
EMS- and radiation-induced mutation frequencies at individual loci in Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh.
Mutat Res. 1982 Mar;93(1):109-23
PMID: 7062928
-
Epidermal cell fate and patterning in leaves.
Plant Cell. 1997 Jul;9(7):1109-20
PMID: 9254933
-
The WUSCHEL gene is required for shoot and floral meristem integrity in Arabidopsis.
Development. 1996 Jan;122(1):87-96
PMID: 8565856
-
Pattern formation and cell differentiation: trichomes in Arabidopsis as a genetic model system.
Int Rev Cytol. 1999;186:147-78
PMID: 9770299
-
GLABROUS1 overexpression and TRIPTYCHON alter the cell cycle and trichome cell fate in Arabidopsis.
Plant Cell. 1998 Dec;10(12):2047-62
PMID: 9836744
-
MOLECULAR GENETIC ANALYSIS OF TRICHOME DEVELOPMENT IN ARABIDOPSIS.
Annu Rev Plant Physiol Plant Mol Biol. 1997 Jun;48:137-163
PMID: 15012260
-
Functional gene cassettes in development.
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1993 Sep 15;90(18):8305-7
PMID: 8378299
-
Acquisition of identity in the developing leaf.
Annu Rev Cell Dev Biol. 1996;12:257-304
PMID: 8970728
-
Arabidopsis and Nicotiana anthocyanin production activated by maize regulators R and C1.
Science. 1992 Dec 11;258(5089):1773-5
PMID: 1465611
-
Lc, a member of the maize R gene family responsible for tissue-specific anthocyanin production, encodes a protein similar to transcriptional activators and contains the myc-homology region.
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1989 Sep;86(18):7092-6
PMID: 2674946
-
Genetic dissection of trichome cell development in Arabidopsis.
Cell. 1994 Feb 11;76(3):555-66
PMID: 8313475
-
Epidermal cell fate determination in Arabidopsis: patterns defined by a steroid-inducible regulator.
Science. 1994 Oct 21;266(5184):436-9
PMID: 7939683
-
The basic-helix-loop-helix domain of Drosophila lethal of scute protein is sufficient for proneural function and activates neurogenic genes.
Cell. 1994 Jan 14;76(1):77-87
PMID: 8287481
-
Cell interactions and gene interactions in peripheral neurogenesis.
Genes Dev. 1993 May;7(5):723-33
PMID: 8491375
-
Notch signaling.
Science. 1995 Apr 14;268(5208):225-32
PMID: 7716513
-
Spatial regulation of trichome formation in Arabidopsis thaliana.
Semin Cell Dev Biol. 1998 Apr;9(2):213-20
PMID: 9599418
-
The control of trichome spacing and number in Arabidopsis.
Development. 1996 Mar;122(3):997-1005
PMID: 8631276
-
cot1: a regulator of Arabidopsis trichome initiation.
Genetics. 1998 Jun;149(2):565-77
PMID: 9611174
-
Roles of the GLABROUS1 and TRANSPARENT TESTA GLABRA Genes in Arabidopsis Trichome Development.
Plant Cell. 1994 Aug;6(8):1065-1076
PMID: 12244266
-
Epidermal fate map of the Arabidopsis shoot meristem.
Dev Biol. 1996 May 1;175(2):248-55
PMID: 8626030
-
Neurogenic and proneural genes control cell fate specification in the Drosophila endoderm.
Development. 1995 Feb;121(2):393-405
PMID: 7768181
-
A myb gene required for leaf trichome differentiation in Arabidopsis is expressed in stipules.
Cell. 1991 Nov 1;67(3):483-93
PMID: 1934056
-
Control of GL2 expression in Arabidopsis leaves and trichomes.
Development. 1998 Apr;125(7):1161-71
PMID: 9477315
-
Characterization of a weak allele of the GL1 gene of Arabidopsis thaliana.
Plant Mol Biol. 1994 Jan;24(1):203-7
PMID: 8111017
-
Arabidopsis GLABROUS1 Gene Requires Downstream Sequences for Function.
Plant Cell. 1993 Dec;5(12):1739-1748
PMID: 12271054
-
The too many mouths and four lips mutations affect stomatal production in Arabidopsis.
Plant Cell. 1995 Dec;7(12):2227-39
PMID: 11536724
-
Applications of a theory of biological pattern formation based on lateral inhibition.
J Cell Sci. 1974 Jul;15(2):321-46
PMID: 4859215
-
Tracing the ontogeny of stomatal clusters in Arabidopsis with molecular markers.
Plant J. 1997 Oct;12(4):747-55
PMID: 9375390
-
Tissue layer and organ specificity of trichome formation are regulated by GLABRA1 and TRIPTYCHON in Arabidopsis.
Development. 1998 Jun;125(12):2283-9
PMID: 9584127