The monoclonal antibody SH-2, raised against human mesenchymal stem cells, recognizes an epitope on endoglin (CD105).

Mesenchymal stem cells are multipotent cells resident in the bone marrow throughout adulthood which have the capacity to differentiate into cartilage, bone, fat, muscle, and tendon. A number of monoclonal antibodies raised against human MSCs have been shown to react with surface antigens on these cells in vitro. A protein of molecular mass 92 kDa was immunoprecipitated using the SH-2 monoclonal antibody. This was purified and identified by peptide sequencing analysis and mass spectrometry as endoglin (CD105), the TGF-beta receptor III present on endothelial cells, syncytiotrophoblasts, macrophages, and connective tissue stromal cells. Endoglin on MSCs potentially plays a role in TGF-beta signalling in the control of chondrogenic differentiation of MSCs and also in mediating interactions between MSCs and haematopoietic cells in the bone marrow microenvironment.