Home LiteratureArticle Details
PMID: 10567207 Published · ppublish English Journal Article Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't Review

Calreticulin: one protein, one gene, many functions.

The Biochemical journal ·Vol. 344 Pt 2 ·1999-12-01 ·Pages 281-92

Michalak M, Corbett EF, Mesaeli N, Nakamura K, Opas M

Abstract

The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) plays a critical role in the synthesis and chaperoning of membrane-associated and secreted proteins. The membrane is also an important site of Ca(2+) storage and release. Calreticulin is a unique ER luminal resident protein. The protein affects many cellular functions, both in the ER lumen and outside of the ER environment. In the ER lumen, calreticulin performs two major functions: chaperoning and regulation of Ca(2+) homoeostasis. Calreticulin is a highly versatile lectin-like chaperone, and it participates during the synthesis of a variety of molecules, including ion channels, surface receptors, integrins and transporters. The protein also affects intracellular Ca(2+) homoeostasis by modulation of ER Ca(2+) storage and transport. Studies on the cell biology of calreticulin revealed that the ER membrane is a very dynamic intracellular compartment affecting many aspects of cell physiology.

MeSH Terms
Amino Acid Sequence Animals Calcium/metabolism Calcium-Binding Proteins/genetics,metabolism Calreticulin Endoplasmic Reticulum/metabolism Homeostasis Lectins/genetics,metabolism Mice Molecular Chaperones/genetics,metabolism Molecular Sequence Data Ribonucleoproteins/genetics,metabolism
Chemicals
Calcium-Binding Proteins Calreticulin Lectins Molecular Chaperones Ribonucleoproteins Calcium
Authors & Affiliations
5 authors, click to expand affiliations / ORCID
Michalak M
MRC Group in Molecular Biology of Membranes, Department of Biochemistry, University of Alberta, 3-56 Medical Sciences Building, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2H7. [email protected]
Corbett E F
Mesaeli N
Nakamura K
Opas M
References (230)
230 references, click to expand
  1. Neuronal calcium signaling.
    Neuron. 1998 Jul;21(1):13-26 PMID: 9697848
  2. Calnexin and BiP act as sequential molecular chaperones during thyroglobulin folding in the endoplasmic reticulum.
    J Cell Biol. 1995 Jan;128(1-2):29-38 PMID: 7822419
  3. Prominence of beta 2-microglobulin, class I heavy chain conformation, and tapasin in the interactions of class I heavy chain with calreticulin and the transporter associated with antigen processing.
    J Immunol. 1997 Mar 1;158(5):2236-41 PMID: 9036970
  4. Calcium binding proteins in the sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum of muscle and nonmuscle cells.
    Mol Cell Biochem. 1992 May 13;112(1):1-13 PMID: 1513330
  5. An isoform of protein disulfide isomerase isolated from chronic myelogenous leukemia cells alters complex formation between nuclear proteins and regulatory regions of interferon-inducible genes.
    J Biol Chem. 1992 Jul 15;267(20):14412-7 PMID: 1629227
  6. Differential interaction of coagulation factor VIII and factor V with protein chaperones calnexin and calreticulin.
    J Biol Chem. 1998 Apr 3;273(14):8537-44 PMID: 9525969
  7. Cytoskeletal and adhesion proteins as tumor suppressors.
    Curr Opin Cell Biol. 1997 Feb;9(1):99-108 PMID: 9013672
  8. The heterogeneity of ER Ca2+ stores has a key role in nonmuscle cell signaling and function.
    J Cell Biol. 1998 Sep 21;142(6):1395-8 PMID: 9744872
  9. Vinculin is associated with the E-cadherin adhesion complex.
    J Biol Chem. 1997 Dec 19;272(51):32448-53 PMID: 9405455
  10. Retention and retrieval: both mechanisms cooperate to maintain calreticulin in the endoplasmic reticulum.
    J Cell Sci. 1994 Oct;107 ( Pt 10):2705-17 PMID: 7876339
  11. The mammalian calcium-binding protein, nucleobindin (CALNUC), is a Golgi resident protein.
    J Cell Biol. 1998 Jun 29;141(7):1515-27 PMID: 9647645
  12. Differential modulation of SERCA2 isoforms by calreticulin.
    J Cell Biol. 1998 Aug 24;142(4):963-73 PMID: 9722609
  13. Ryanodine receptors: how many, where and why?
    Trends Pharmacol Sci. 1993 Mar;14(3):98-103 PMID: 8387707
  14. Calnexin associates with Shaker K+ channel protein but is not involved in quality control of subunit folding or assembly.
    Receptors Channels. 1999;6(4):229-39 PMID: 10412717
  15. Purification of an inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate-binding calreticulin-containing intracellular compartment of HL-60 cells.
    Biochem J. 1992 Feb 1;281 ( Pt 3):651-6 PMID: 1536644
  16. Unique expression of major histocompatibility complex class I proteins in the absence of glucose trimming and calnexin association.
    J Biol Chem. 1995 Dec 1;270(48):29025-9 PMID: 7499436
  17. MHC class I expression and transport in a calnexin-deficient cell line.
    J Immunol. 1995 Jul 1;155(1):143-8 PMID: 7602092
  18. The mechanism of Ca2+ transport by sarco(endo)plasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPases.
    J Biol Chem. 1997 Nov 14;272(46):28815-8 PMID: 9360942
  19. Coordinated participation of calreticulin and calnexin in the biosynthesis of myeloperoxidase.
    J Biol Chem. 1998 Mar 20;273(12):7107-11 PMID: 9507022
  20. Human, mouse, and rat calnexin cDNA cloning: identification of potential calcium binding motifs and gene localization to human chromosome 5.
    Biochemistry. 1994 Mar 22;33(11):3229-36 PMID: 8136357
  21. Stress signaling from the lumen of the endoplasmic reticulum: coordination of gene transcriptional and translational controls.
    Genes Dev. 1999 May 15;13(10):1211-33 PMID: 10346810
  22. Ryanodine receptor Ca2+ release channels: does diversity in form equal diversity in function?
    Physiol Rev. 1996 Oct;76(4):1027-71 PMID: 8874493
  23. Antigen processing and presentation by the class I major histocompatibility complex.
    Annu Rev Immunol. 1996;14:369-96 PMID: 8717519
  24. Transcription factors of the NFAT family: regulation and function.
    Annu Rev Immunol. 1997;15:707-47 PMID: 9143705
  25. Comparison of cDNAs from bovine brain coding for two isoforms of calreticulin.
    Biochim Biophys Acta. 1993 Sep 3;1202(1):70-6 PMID: 8373827
  26. Heat shock-induced prompt glycosylation. Identification of P-SG67 as calreticulin.
    J Biol Chem. 1994 Sep 23;269(38):23603-9 PMID: 8089129
  27. Intracellular Ca2+ stores of T lymphocytes: changes induced by in vitro and in vivo activation.
    Eur J Immunol. 1994 Jun;24(6):1365-71 PMID: 8206096
  28. Inhibition of nuclear hormone receptor activity by calreticulin.
    Nature. 1994 Feb 3;367(6462):480-3 PMID: 8107809
  29. Molecular cloning of the mammalian smooth muscle sarco(endo)plasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase.
    J Biol Chem. 1989 Apr 25;264(12):7059-65 PMID: 2523389
  30. Calnexin and calreticulin promote folding, delay oligomerization and suppress degradation of influenza hemagglutinin in microsomes.
    EMBO J. 1996 Jun 17;15(12):2961-8 PMID: 8670797
  31. Clinical relevance of calreticulin in systemic lupus erythematosus.
    Lupus. 1997;6(7):564-71 PMID: 9302659
  32. Enhanced expression of calreticulin in the nucleus of radioresistant squamous carcinoma cells in response to ionizing radiation.
    Cancer Res. 1995 Jul 15;55(14):3016-21 PMID: 7606721
  33. Calreticulin inhibits glucocorticoid- but not cAMP-sensitive expression of tyrosine aminotransferase gene in cultured McA-RH7777 hepatocytes.
    Mol Cell Biochem. 1997 Jun;171(1-2):37-43 PMID: 9201693
  34. Quality control in the secretory pathway: the role of calreticulin, calnexin and BiP in the retention of glycoproteins with C-terminal truncations.
    Mol Biol Cell. 1997 Oct;8(10):1943-54 PMID: 9348535
  35. Transient association of calnexin and calreticulin with newly synthesized G1 and G2 glycoproteins of uukuniemi virus (family Bunyaviridae).
    J Virol. 1999 Jul;73(7):6123-7 PMID: 10364370
  36. Assembly, peptide loading, and transport of MHC class I molecules in a calnexin-negative cell line.
    Cold Spring Harb Symp Quant Biol. 1995;60:267-75 PMID: 8824400
  37. Ultraviolet B irradiation and cytomegalovirus infection synergize to induce the cell surface expression of 52-kD/Ro antigen.
    Clin Exp Immunol. 1996 Jan;103(1):47-53 PMID: 8565285
  38. Calreticulin is transcriptionally upregulated by heat shock, calcium and heavy metals.
    Mol Immunol. 1996 Mar-Apr;33(4-5):379-86 PMID: 8676889
  39. Heat shock-sensitive expression of calreticulin. In vitro and in vivo up-regulation.
    J Biol Chem. 1995 Jul 14;270(28):17011-6 PMID: 7622522
  40. Saccharomyces cerevisiae CNE1 encodes an endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane protein with sequence similarity to calnexin and calreticulin and functions as a constituent of the ER quality control apparatus.
    J Biol Chem. 1995 Jan 6;270(1):244-53 PMID: 7814381
  41. Calreticulin: from Ca2+ binding to control of gene expression.
    Trends Cell Biol. 1994 May;4(5):152-4 PMID: 14731641
  42. The functional importance of the extreme C-terminal tail in the gene 2 organellar Ca(2+)-transport ATPase (SERCA2a/b).
    Biochem J. 1994 Nov 1;303 ( Pt 3):979-84 PMID: 7980471
  43. Calreticulin: an intracellular Ca++-binding protein abundantly expressed and regulated by androgen in prostatic epithelial cells.
    Endocrinology. 1998 Oct;139(10):4337-44 PMID: 9751517
  44. Chaperone properties of calreticulin.
    Acta Chem Scand. 1998 Jul;52(7):942-9 PMID: 9661269
  45. The mitogenic effects of the B beta chain of fibrinogen are mediated through cell surface calreticulin.
    J Biol Chem. 1995 Nov 3;270(44):26602-6 PMID: 7592883
  46. Calcium signalling. Oscillation, activation, expression.
    Nature. 1998 Apr 30;392(6679):863, 865-6 PMID: 9582065
  47. Calreticulin associates with stress proteins: implications for chaperone function during heat stress.
    J Cell Biochem. 1998 Apr 1;69(1):30-43 PMID: 9513044
  48. Calreticulin, an antithrombotic agent which binds to vitamin K-dependent coagulation factors, stimulates endothelial nitric oxide production, and limits thrombosis in canine coronary arteries.
    J Biol Chem. 1995 Apr 7;270(14):8179-87 PMID: 7713923
  49. The unfolded protein response: an intracellular signalling pathway with many surprising features.
    Trends Cell Biol. 1998 Jun;8(6):245-9 PMID: 9695849
  50. Genes regulated by androgen in the rat ventral prostate.
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1997 Nov 25;94(24):12999-3004 PMID: 9371789
  51. Regulation of calcium binding proteins calreticulin and calsequestrin during differentiation in the myogenic cell line L6.
    J Cell Physiol. 1996 Mar;166(3):547-60 PMID: 8600158
  52. Overexpression of calreticulin increases intracellular Ca2+ storage and decreases store-operated Ca2+ influx.
    J Biol Chem. 1996 Apr 19;271(16):9332-9 PMID: 8621597
  53. Calreticulin, and not calsequestrin, is the major calcium binding protein of smooth muscle sarcoplasmic reticulum and liver endoplasmic reticulum.
    J Biol Chem. 1991 Apr 15;266(11):7155-65 PMID: 2016321
  54. Redistribution of intracellular Ca2+ stores during phagocytosis in human neutrophils.
    Science. 1994 Sep 2;265(5177):1439-41 PMID: 8073285
  55. Calreticulin enhances the transcriptional activity of thyroid transcription factor-1 by binding to its homeodomain.
    J Biol Chem. 1999 Feb 19;274(8):4640-5 PMID: 9988700
  56. Calreticulin expression is associated with androgen regulation of the sensitivity to calcium ionophore-induced apoptosis in LNCaP prostate cancer cells.
    Cancer Res. 1999 Apr 15;59(8):1896-902 PMID: 10213498
  57. Role of calreticulin in regulating intracellular Ca2+ storage and capacitative Ca2+ entry in HeLa cells.
    Cell Calcium. 1998 Oct;24(4):253-62 PMID: 9883279
  58. Calreticulin inhibits repetitive intracellular Ca2+ waves.
    Cell. 1995 Sep 8;82(5):765-71 PMID: 7671304
  59. Regulation of calreticulin gene expression by calcium.
    J Cell Biol. 1997 Aug 11;138(3):547-57 PMID: 9245785
  60. Bridging of beta-catenin and glycogen synthase kinase-3beta by axin and inhibition of beta-catenin-mediated transcription.
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1998 Mar 17;95(6):3020-3 PMID: 9501208
  61. Trypanosoma cruzi calreticulin is a lectin that binds monoglucosylated oligosaccharides but not protein moieties of glycoproteins.
    Mol Biol Cell. 1999 May;10(5):1381-94 PMID: 10233151
  62. Molecular cloning and expression of SmIrV1, a Schistosoma mansoni antigen with similarity to calnexin, calreticulin, and OvRal1.
    J Biol Chem. 1993 Apr 15;268(11):7692-8 PMID: 8463298
  63. Assembly of the nuclear pore: biochemically distinct steps revealed with NEM, GTP gamma S, and BAPTA.
    J Cell Biol. 1996 Jan;132(1-2):5-20 PMID: 8567730
  64. Calreticulin.
    Int J Biochem Cell Biol. 1998 May;30(5):553-8 PMID: 9693955
  65. Upregulation of calreticulin expression in HeLa cells by calcium-stress.
    Biochem Soc Trans. 1995 May;23(2):330S PMID: 7672361
  66. Axin, a negative regulator of the Wnt signaling pathway, forms a complex with GSK-3beta and beta-catenin and promotes GSK-3beta-dependent phosphorylation of beta-catenin.
    EMBO J. 1998 Mar 2;17(5):1371-84 PMID: 9482734
  67. Delayed activation of the store-operated calcium current induced by calreticulin overexpression in RBL-1 cells.
    Mol Biol Cell. 1998 Jun;9(6):1513-22 PMID: 9614190
  68. Cell surface calreticulin is a putative mannoside lectin which triggers mouse melanoma cell spreading.
    J Biol Chem. 1995 Jul 7;270(27):15926-9 PMID: 7608143
  69. Biochemical, cell biological and immunological issues surrounding the endoplasmic reticulum chaperone GRP94/gp96.
    Curr Opin Immunol. 1998 Feb;10(1):103-9 PMID: 9523119
  70. Differences in the subcellular localization of calreticulin and organellar Ca(2+)-ATPase in neurons.
    Brain Res Mol Brain Res. 1993 Jan;17(1-2):9-16 PMID: 8381914
  71. ERcalcistorin/protein-disulfide isomerase acts as a calcium storage protein in the endoplasmic reticulum of a living cell. Comparison with calreticulin and calsequestrin.
    J Biol Chem. 1998 Apr 17;273(16):9857-63 PMID: 9545326
  72. Calcium signaling in neurons: molecular mechanisms and cellular consequences.
    Science. 1995 Apr 14;268(5208):239-47 PMID: 7716515
  73. Functional conservation of calreticulin in Euglena gracilis.
    J Eukaryot Microbiol. 1998 May-Jun;45(3):307-13 PMID: 9627991
  74. The Merck Frosst Award Lecture 1994/La conference Merck Frosst 1994. Calnexin: a molecular chaperone with a taste for carbohydrate.
    Biochem Cell Biol. 1995 Mar-Apr;73(3-4):123-32 PMID: 7576485
  75. Calnexin: a membrane-bound chaperone of the endoplasmic reticulum.
    Trends Biochem Sci. 1994 Mar;19(3):124-8 PMID: 8203019
  76. The cellular response to unfolded proteins: intercompartmental signaling.
    Curr Opin Biotechnol. 1994 Oct;5(5):540-5 PMID: 7765470
  77. Roles of calreticulin and calnexin during mucin synthesis in LS180 and HT29/A1 human colonic adenocarcinoma cells.
    Biochem J. 1999 Aug 1;341 ( Pt 3):593-600 PMID: 10417322
  78. Cell attachment to extracellular matrix substrates is inhibited upon downregulation of expression of calreticulin, an intracellular integrin alpha-subunit-binding protein.
    J Cell Sci. 1994 Mar;107 ( Pt 3):589-600 PMID: 8006073
  79. Identification and immunolocalization of calreticulin in pancreatic cells: no evidence for "calciosomes".
    Exp Cell Res. 1991 Nov;197(1):91-9 PMID: 1915668
  80. The Brefeldin A-induced retrograde transport from the Golgi apparatus to the endoplasmic reticulum depends on calcium sequestered to intracellular stores.
    J Biol Chem. 1995 Oct 27;270(43):25960-7 PMID: 7592786
  81. Chaperone function of calreticulin when expressed in the endoplasmic reticulum as the membrane-anchored and soluble forms.
    J Biol Chem. 1995 Sep 1;270(35):20298-304 PMID: 7657600
  82. Isolation of a calreticulin-like calcium binding protein from bovine brain.
    Brain Res Mol Brain Res. 1992 Jan;12(1-3):69-76 PMID: 1312207
  83. Identification of calreticulin as a rubella virus RNA binding protein.
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1994 Dec 20;91(26):12770-4 PMID: 7809119
  84. Roles for calreticulin and a novel glycoprotein, tapasin, in the interaction of MHC class I molecules with TAP.
    Immunity. 1996 Aug;5(2):103-14 PMID: 8769474
  85. A C. elegans gene encodes a protein homologous to mammalian calreticulin.
    DNA Seq. 1992;2(4):235-40 PMID: 1627827
  86. The glucose-regulated proteins (GRP78 and GRP94): functions, gene regulation, and applications.
    Crit Rev Eukaryot Gene Expr. 1994;4(1):1-18 PMID: 7987045
  87. Regulation of integrin-mediated adhesion during cell migration.
    Microsc Res Tech. 1998 Dec 1;43(5):412-9 PMID: 9858338
  88. Oligosaccharide binding characteristics of the molecular chaperones calnexin and calreticulin.
    Biochemistry. 1998 Mar 10;37(10):3480-90 PMID: 9521669
  89. Multiple molecular chaperones complex with misfolded large oligomeric glycoproteins in the endoplasmic reticulum.
    J Biol Chem. 1997 Jan 31;272(5):3057-63 PMID: 9006956
  90. Focal adhesions, contractility, and signaling.
    Annu Rev Cell Dev Biol. 1996;12:463-518 PMID: 8970735
  91. Calreticulin inhibits vitamin D's action on the PTH gene in vitro and may prevent vitamin D's effect in vivo in hypocalcemic rats.
    Mol Endocrinol. 1998 Aug;12(8):1193-200 PMID: 9717845
  92. Cloning of two cDNAs encoding calnexin-like and calreticulin-like proteins from maize (Zea mays) leaves: identification of potential calcium-binding domains.
    Gene. 1995 Nov 20;165(2):219-22 PMID: 8522179
  93. The rubella virus RNA binding activity of human calreticulin is localized to the N-terminal domain.
    J Virol. 1995 Jun;69(6):3848-51 PMID: 7745733
  94. s-cyclophilin is retained intracellularly via a unique COOH-terminal sequence and colocalizes with the calcium storage protein calreticulin.
    J Cell Biol. 1992 Jan;116(1):113-25 PMID: 1530944
  95. Functional comparisons between isoforms of the sarcoplasmic or endoplasmic reticulum family of calcium pumps.
    J Biol Chem. 1992 Jul 15;267(20):14483-9 PMID: 1385815
  96. Calreticulin in T-lymphocytes. Identification of calreticulin in T-lymphocytes and demonstration that activation of T cells correlates with increased levels of calreticulin mRNA and protein.
    J Biol Chem. 1992 Sep 25;267(27):19039-42 PMID: 1527030
  97. Cadherins, catenins and APC protein: interplay between cytoskeletal complexes and signaling pathways.
    Curr Opin Cell Biol. 1997 Oct;9(5):683-90 PMID: 9330872
  98. Calreticulin.
    Biochem J. 1992 Aug 1;285 ( Pt 3):681-92 PMID: 1497605
  99. Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate binding sites copurify with the putative Ca-storage protein calreticulin in rat liver.
    Cell Calcium. 1993 Jun;14(6):485-92 PMID: 8395340
  100. The thiol-dependent reductase ERp57 interacts specifically with N-glycosylated integral membrane proteins.
    J Biol Chem. 1997 May 23;272(21):13849-55 PMID: 9153243
  101. Nucleotide sequence of a Drosophila melanogaster gene encoding a calreticulin homologue.
    DNA Seq. 1992;3(4):247-50 PMID: 1296819
  102. Primary structure of the N-linked carbohydrate chains of Calreticulin from spinach leaves.
    Glycoconj J. 1996 Dec;13(6):977-83 PMID: 8981089
  103. Vasostatin, a calreticulin fragment, inhibits angiogenesis and suppresses tumor growth.
    J Exp Med. 1998 Dec 21;188(12):2349-56 PMID: 9858521
  104. Calreticulin.
    Cell. 1997 Feb 21;88(4):439-43 PMID: 9038335
  105. Definition of the lectin-like properties of the molecular chaperone, calreticulin, and demonstration of its copurification with endomannosidase from rat liver Golgi.
    J Biol Chem. 1996 May 10;271(19):11588-94 PMID: 8626722
  106. Protein degradation by ERp72 from rat and mouse liver endoplasmic reticulum.
    J Biol Chem. 1993 Oct 15;268(29):22004-9 PMID: 8408057
  107. Sequence similarity of calreticulin with a Ca2(+)-binding protein that co-purifies with an Ins(1,4,5)P3-sensitive Ca2+ store in HL-60 cells.
    Biochem J. 1990 Sep 1;270(2):545-8 PMID: 2400400
  108. Molecular pathways controlling heart development.
    Science. 1996 May 3;272(5262):671-6 PMID: 8614825
  109. Interaction between a Ca2+-binding protein calreticulin and perforin, a component of the cytotoxic T-cell granules.
    Biochemistry. 1998 Jul 21;37(29):10386-94 PMID: 9671507
  110. The number and location of glycans on influenza hemagglutinin determine folding and association with calnexin and calreticulin.
    J Cell Biol. 1997 Nov 3;139(3):613-23 PMID: 9348279
  111. Mapping of the gene for calreticulin (Calr) to mouse chromosome 8.
    Mamm Genome. 1997;8(11):870-1 PMID: 9337407
  112. Calreticulin interacts with newly synthesized human immunodeficiency virus type 1 envelope glycoprotein, suggesting a chaperone function similar to that of calnexin.
    J Biol Chem. 1996 Jan 5;271(1):97-103 PMID: 8550632
  113. The related molecular chaperones calnexin and calreticulin differentially associate with nascent T cell antigen receptor proteins within the endoplasmic reticulum.
    J Biol Chem. 1996 Oct 11;271(41):25345-9 PMID: 8810299
  114. Generic signals and specific outcomes: signaling through Ca2+, calcineurin, and NF-AT.
    Cell. 1999 Mar 5;96(5):611-4 PMID: 10089876
  115. The SREBP pathway: regulation of cholesterol metabolism by proteolysis of a membrane-bound transcription factor.
    Cell. 1997 May 2;89(3):331-40 PMID: 9150132
  116. The ryanodine receptor/Ca2+ release channel.
    J Biol Chem. 1993 Jul 5;268(19):13765-8 PMID: 8390976
  117. Distinct patterns of folding and interactions with calnexin and calreticulin in human class I MHC proteins with altered N-glycosylation.
    J Immunol. 1998 Jan 15;160(2):831-7 PMID: 9551918
  118. Calreticulin and calnexin interact with different protein and glycan determinants during the assembly of MHC class I.
    J Immunol. 1998 Jun 1;160(11):5404-9 PMID: 9605141
  119. Calreticulin modulates cell adhesiveness via regulation of vinculin expression.
    J Cell Biol. 1996 Dec;135(6 Pt 2):1913-23 PMID: 8991101
  120. The unveiling of calreticulin--a clinically relevant tour of modern cell biology.
    J Investig Med. 1995 Aug;43(4):362-70 PMID: 7552585
  121. Zn2+ binding to cardiac calsequestrin.
    Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1995 Apr 6;209(1):310-5 PMID: 7726852
  122. Molecular insights into cardiac development.
    Annu Rev Physiol. 1998;60:287-308 PMID: 9558465
  123. Nuclear localisation of calreticulin in vivo is enhanced by its interaction with glucocorticoid receptors.
    FEBS Lett. 1997 Mar 24;405(2):181-5 PMID: 9089287
  124. Calcium signaling.
    Cell. 1995 Jan 27;80(2):259-68 PMID: 7834745
  125. Human liver calreticulin: characterization and Zn(2+)-dependent interaction with phenyl-sepharose.
    Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1993 Jun 15;193(2):611-6 PMID: 8512561
  126. Roles of calnexin and Ig-alpha beta interactions with membrane Igs in the surface expression of the B cell antigen receptor of the IgM and IgD classes.
    J Immunol. 1997 Mar 15;158(6):2762-70 PMID: 9058811
  127. Calcium and hormone action.
    Annu Rev Physiol. 1994;56:297-319 PMID: 8010742
  128. Inducible interaction of integrin alpha 2 beta 1 with calreticulin. Dependence on the activation state of the integrin.
    J Biol Chem. 1995 Sep 29;270(39):23132-8 PMID: 7559457
  129. Integrin and cadherin synergy regulates contact inhibition of migration and motile activity.
    J Cell Biol. 1998 Apr 20;141(2):515-26 PMID: 9548728
  130. Functional interaction of an axin homolog, conductin, with beta-catenin, APC, and GSK3beta.
    Science. 1998 Apr 24;280(5363):596-9 PMID: 9554852
  131. Calreticulin inhibits vitamin D3 signal transduction.
    Nucleic Acids Res. 1995 Aug 25;23(16):3268-74 PMID: 7667104
  132. The high-affinity calcium binding protein of sarcoplasmic reticulum. Tissue distribution, and homology with calregulin.
    Biochim Biophys Acta. 1989 Jun 26;982(1):1-8 PMID: 2663080
  133. Promotion of transferrin folding by cyclic interactions with calnexin and calreticulin.
    EMBO J. 1997 Sep 1;16(17):5420-32 PMID: 9312001
  134. Calnexin and calreticulin bind to enzymically active tissue-type plasminogen activator during biosynthesis and are not required for folding to the native conformation.
    Biochem J. 1997 Nov 15;328 ( Pt 1):113-9 PMID: 9359841
  135. A calcineurin-dependent transcriptional pathway for cardiac hypertrophy.
    Cell. 1998 Apr 17;93(2):215-28 PMID: 9568714
  136. Calreticulin functions as a molecular chaperone in the biosynthesis of myeloperoxidase.
    J Biol Chem. 1995 Mar 3;270(9):4741-7 PMID: 7876246
  137. Identification and characterization of an intracellular protein complex that binds fibroblast growth factor-2 in bovine brain.
    Biochem J. 1999 Aug 1;341 ( Pt 3):713-23 PMID: 10417336
  138. Isolation of a full-length cDNA encoding calreticulin from a PCR library of in vitro zygotes of maize.
    Plant Mol Biol. 1996 Apr;31(1):23-34 PMID: 8704156
  139. Cardiac development. Transcription and the broken heart.
    Nature. 1998 Mar 12;392(6672):129-30 PMID: 9515954
  140. Cloning of a Schistosoma japonicum gene encoding an antigen with homology to calreticulin.
    Mol Biochem Parasitol. 1995 Apr;71(1):81-7 PMID: 7630385
  141. Aberrant retention of tyrosinase in the endoplasmic reticulum mediates accelerated degradation of the enzyme and contributes to the dedifferentiated phenotype of amelanotic melanoma cells.
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1997 Jun 10;94(12):6210-5 PMID: 9177196
  142. MHC class I molecules form ternary complexes with calnexin and TAP and undergo peptide-regulated interaction with TAP via their extracellular domains.
    J Exp Med. 1996 Aug 1;184(2):337-48 PMID: 8760787
  143. The molecular chaperone calnexin binds Glc1Man9GlcNAc2 oligosaccharide as an initial step in recognizing unfolded glycoproteins.
    J Biol Chem. 1995 Mar 3;270(9):4697-704 PMID: 7876241
  144. Ca2+ regulation of interactions between endoplasmic reticulum chaperones.
    J Biol Chem. 1999 Mar 5;274(10):6203-11 PMID: 10037706
  145. The endoplasmic reticulum can act as a functional Ca2+ store in all subcellular regions of the pancreatic acinar cell.
    J Biol Chem. 1997 Oct 31;272(44):27764-70 PMID: 9346920
  146. Transient, lectin-like association of calreticulin with folding intermediates of cellular and viral glycoproteins.
    Mol Biol Cell. 1995 Sep;6(9):1173-84 PMID: 8534914
  147. Folding of insulin receptor monomers is facilitated by the molecular chaperones calnexin and calreticulin and impaired by rapid dimerization.
    J Cell Biol. 1998 May 4;141(3):637-46 PMID: 9566965
  148. ERcalcistorin/protein disulfide isomerase (PDI). Sequence determination and expression of a cDNA clone encoding a calcium storage protein with PDI activity from endoplasmic reticulum of the sea urchin egg.
    J Biol Chem. 1994 Sep 16;269(37):23112-9 PMID: 8083214
  149. Calcium-induced restructuring of nuclear envelope and endoplasmic reticulum calcium stores.
    Cell. 1997 Jun 13;89(6):963-71 PMID: 9200614
  150. Covalent structure of bovine brain calreticulin.
    Biochem J. 1994 Mar 1;298 ( Pt 2):435-42 PMID: 8135753
  151. Endoplasmic reticulum form of calreticulin modulates glucocorticoid-sensitive gene expression.
    J Biol Chem. 1996 Nov 15;271(46):29436-45 PMID: 8910610
  152. Modulation of gene expression by calreticulin binding to the glucocorticoid receptor.
    Nature. 1994 Feb 3;367(6462):476-80 PMID: 8107808
  153. Enhanced catalysis of ribonuclease B folding by the interaction of calnexin or calreticulin with ERp57.
    J Biol Chem. 1998 Mar 13;273(11):6009-12 PMID: 9497314
  154. Intracellular signaling from the endoplasmic reticulum to the nucleus.
    Annu Rev Cell Dev Biol. 1998;14:459-85 PMID: 9891790
  155. Structure and function of ryanodine receptors.
    Am J Physiol. 1994 Jun;266(6 Pt 1):C1485-504 PMID: 8023884
  156. The calcium-binding protein calreticulin is a major constituent of lytic granules in cytolytic T lymphocytes.
    J Exp Med. 1993 Jan 1;177(1):1-7 PMID: 8418194
  157. Tyrosine phosphorylation and cadherin/catenin function.
    Bioessays. 1997 Oct;19(10):883-91 PMID: 9363682
  158. Calreticulin, a component of the endoplasmic reticulum and of cytotoxic lymphocyte granules, regulates perforin-mediated lysis in the hemolytic model system.
    Biochem Cell Biol. 1998;76(5):881-7 PMID: 10353724
  159. The ER-overload response: activation of NF-kappa B.
    Trends Biochem Sci. 1997 Feb;22(2):63-7 PMID: 9048485
  160. Molecular and cellular physiology of intracellular calcium stores.
    Physiol Rev. 1994 Jul;74(3):595-636 PMID: 8036248
  161. Identification and characterization of host factor interactions with cis-acting elements of rubella virus RNA.
    Arch Virol Suppl. 1994;9:255-67 PMID: 8032257
  162. Molecular chaperones stimulate the functional expression of the cocaine-sensitive serotonin transporter.
    J Biol Chem. 1999 Jun 18;274(25):17551-8 PMID: 10364189
  163. Quality control in the secretory pathway.
    Curr Opin Cell Biol. 1995 Aug;7(4):523-9 PMID: 7495572
  164. Interactions between newly synthesized glycoproteins, calnexin and a network of resident chaperones in the endoplasmic reticulum.
    J Cell Biol. 1997 Feb 10;136(3):555-65 PMID: 9024687
  165. Calreticulin, a peptide-binding chaperone of the endoplasmic reticulum, elicits tumor- and peptide-specific immunity.
    J Exp Med. 1999 Mar 1;189(5):797-802 PMID: 10049943
  166. Fluorescent indicators for Ca2+ based on green fluorescent proteins and calmodulin.
    Nature. 1997 Aug 28;388(6645):882-7 PMID: 9278050
  167. Identification of the Zn2+ binding region in calreticulin.
    FEBS Lett. 1995 Nov 27;376(1-2):53-7 PMID: 8521965
  168. Calnexin expression does not enhance the generation of MHC class I-peptide complexes.
    Eur J Immunol. 1998 Mar;28(3):907-13 PMID: 9541586
  169. Cloning of the gene encoding a Schistosoma mansoni antigen homologous to human Ro/SS-A autoantigen.
    Mol Biochem Parasitol. 1993 Feb;57(2):193-202 PMID: 8433712
  170. The 5'-flanking region of the human calreticulin gene shares homology with the human GRP78, GRP94, and protein disulfide isomerase promoters.
    J Biol Chem. 1992 Feb 5;267(4):2557-62 PMID: 1733953
  171. Identification and characterization of cDNA clones encoding plant calreticulin in barley.
    Plant Cell. 1994 Jun;6(6):835-43 PMID: 7914763
  172. The inner world of cell adhesion: integrin cytoplasmic domains.
    Trends Cell Biol. 1994 Apr;4(4):109-12 PMID: 14731732
  173. Inositol 1, 4, 5-trisphosphate receptor-mediated Ca2+ signaling in the brain.
    J Neurochem. 1995 Mar;64(3):953-60 PMID: 7861177
  174. Localization of intracellular Ca2+ stores in HeLa cells during infection with Chlamydia trachomatis.
    J Cell Sci. 1999 Jan;112 ( Pt 1):35-44 PMID: 9841902
  175. Interaction of calreticulin with protein disulfide isomerase.
    J Biol Chem. 1995 Dec 29;270(52):31338-44 PMID: 8537405
  176. Calnexin, calreticulin and the folding of glycoproteins.
    Trends Cell Biol. 1997 May;7(5):193-200 PMID: 17708944
  177. Constitutive expression of calreticulin in osteoblasts inhibits mineralization.
    J Cell Biol. 1995 Dec;131(5):1351-9 PMID: 8522595
  178. Calreticulin modulates the in vitro DNA binding but not the in vivo transcriptional activation by peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor/retinoid X receptor heterodimers.
    Mol Cell Endocrinol. 1995 Jun;111(2):175-9 PMID: 7556879
  179. Expression of calreticulin in Escherichia coli and identification of its Ca2+ binding domains.
    J Biol Chem. 1991 Nov 15;266(32):21458-65 PMID: 1939178
  180. Signaling through focal adhesion kinase.
    Bioessays. 1997 Feb;19(2):137-45 PMID: 9046243
  181. Intralumenal sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca(2+)-binding proteins.
    Semin Cell Biol. 1990 Aug;1(4):265-75 PMID: 2103513
  182. Inhibition of retinoic acid receptor function and retinoic acid-regulated gene expression in mouse melanoma cells by calreticulin. A potential pathway for cyclic AMP regulation of retinoid action.
    J Biol Chem. 1996 Jun 21;271(25):15153-9 PMID: 8662962
  183. ERp57 functions as a subunit of specific complexes formed with the ER lectins calreticulin and calnexin.
    Mol Biol Cell. 1999 Aug;10(8):2573-82 PMID: 10436013
  184. Calcium depletion from the endoplasmic reticulum activates the double-stranded RNA-dependent protein kinase (PKR) to inhibit protein synthesis.
    J Biol Chem. 1995 Jul 14;270(28):16619-24 PMID: 7622470
  185. Overexpression of calreticulin increases the Ca2+ capacity of rapidly exchanging Ca2+ stores and reveals aspects of their lumenal microenvironment and function.
    J Cell Biol. 1995 Aug;130(4):847-55 PMID: 7642702
  186. Intracellular Ca2+ stores in chicken Purkinje neurons: differential distribution of the low affinity-high capacity Ca2+ binding protein, calsequestrin, of Ca2+ ATPase and of the ER lumenal protein, Bip.
    J Cell Biol. 1991 May;113(4):779-91 PMID: 1827445
  187. The epidermal growth factor receptor modulates the interaction of E-cadherin with the actin cytoskeleton.
    J Biol Chem. 1998 Apr 10;273(15):9078-84 PMID: 9535896
  188. Molecular cloning of the high affinity calcium-binding protein (calreticulin) of skeletal muscle sarcoplasmic reticulum.
    J Biol Chem. 1989 Dec 25;264(36):21522-8 PMID: 2600080
  189. BiP, a major chaperone protein of the endoplasmic reticulum lumen, plays a direct and important role in the storage of the rapidly exchanging pool of Ca2+.
    J Biol Chem. 1997 Dec 5;272(49):30873-9 PMID: 9388233
  190. Calreticulin: not just another calcium-binding protein.
    Mol Cell Biochem. 1994 Jun 15;135(1):71-8 PMID: 7816058
  191. Calreticulin is essential for integrin-mediated calcium signalling and cell adhesion.
    Nature. 1997 Apr 24;386(6627):843-7 PMID: 9126744
  192. A new procedure for the separation of protein Z, prothrombin fragment 1.2 and calreticulin from human plasma.
    Thromb Res. 1991 Sep 1;63(5):569-75 PMID: 1755010
  193. The molecular basis for the recognition of misfolded glycoproteins by the UDP-Glc:glycoprotein glucosyltransferase.
    EMBO J. 1995 Sep 1;14(17):4196-203 PMID: 7556060
  194. TAP-translocated peptides specifically bind proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum, including gp96, protein disulfide isomerase and calreticulin.
    Eur J Immunol. 1997 Sep;27(9):2441-9 PMID: 9341791
  195. Immunolocalization and heart levels of GRP94 in the mouse during post-implantation development.
    Anat Embryol (Berl). 1997 Oct;196(4):335-41 PMID: 9363855
  196. Calreticulin--a stress protein induced in the renal epithelial cell line NBL-1 by amino acid deprivation.
    Cell Calcium. 1994 Jul;16(1):1-8 PMID: 7954707
  197. Regulation of expression and intracellular distribution of calreticulin, a major calcium binding protein of nonmuscle cells.
    J Cell Physiol. 1991 Oct;149(1):160-71 PMID: 1939344
  198. Isolation of a high affinity calcium-binding protein from sarcoplasmic reticulum.
    J Biol Chem. 1974 Feb 10;249(3):974-9 PMID: 4272851
  199. N-linked oligosaccharides are necessary and sufficient for association of glycosylated forms of bovine RNase with calnexin and calreticulin.
    EMBO J. 1996 Dec 16;15(24):6921-30 PMID: 9003768
  200. Calreticulin is expressed on the cell surface of activated human peripheral blood T lymphocytes in association with major histocompatibility complex class I molecules.
    J Biol Chem. 1999 Jun 11;274(24):16917-22 PMID: 10358038
  201. Calcium signalling and cell proliferation.
    Bioessays. 1995 Jun;17(6):491-500 PMID: 7575490
  202. Identification of the region on the class I histocompatibility molecule that interacts with the molecular chaperone, p88 (calnexin, IP90).
    J Biol Chem. 1993 Aug 25;268(24):17959-66 PMID: 8349678
  203. The alternative carboxyl termini of avian cardiac and brain sarcoplasmic reticulum/endoplasmic reticulum Ca(2+)-ATPases are on opposite sides of the membrane.
    J Biol Chem. 1992 May 5;267(13):9321-5 PMID: 1533629
  204. Inositol trisphosphate and calcium signalling.
    Nature. 1993 Jan 28;361(6410):315-25 PMID: 8381210
  205. Multiple molecular chaperones interact with apolipoprotein B during its maturation. The network of endoplasmic reticulum-resident chaperones (ERp72, GRP94, calreticulin, and BiP) interacts with apolipoprotein b regardless of its lipidation state.
    J Biol Chem. 1998 Aug 14;273(33):21368-73 PMID: 9694898
  206. Store depletion and calcium influx.
    Physiol Rev. 1997 Oct;77(4):901-30 PMID: 9354808
  207. Calnexin, calreticulin, and Bip/Kar2p in protein folding.
    Cold Spring Harb Symp Quant Biol. 1995;60:405-15 PMID: 8824414
  208. An endoplasmic reticulum protein, calreticulin, is transported into the acrosome of rat sperm.
    Exp Cell Res. 1993 Mar;205(1):101-10 PMID: 8453984
  209. Calnexin associates exclusively with individual CD3 delta and T cell antigen receptor (TCR) alpha proteins containing incompletely trimmed glycans that are not assembled into multisubunit TCR complexes.
    J Biol Chem. 1996 Apr 19;271(16):9660-5 PMID: 8621641
  210. Determination of the sequence of an expressible cDNA clone encoding ERp60/calregulin by the use of a novel nested set method.
    Gene. 1992 Oct 21;120(2):217-25 PMID: 1398135
  211. Calreticulin is essential for cardiac development.
    J Cell Biol. 1999 Mar 8;144(5):857-68 PMID: 10085286
  212. Calreticulin affects focal contact-dependent but not close contact-dependent cell-substratum adhesion.
    J Biol Chem. 1999 May 21;274(21):15085-94 PMID: 10329714
  213. Multiple zones in the sequence of calreticulin (CRP55, calregulin, HACBP), a major calcium binding ER/SR protein.
    EMBO J. 1989 Dec 1;8(12):3581-6 PMID: 2583110
  214. Calcium release from the nucleus by InsP3 receptor channels.
    Neuron. 1995 Jan;14(1):163-7 PMID: 7530018
  215. Depletion of calcium from the lumen of endoplasmic reticulum reversibly inhibits passive diffusion and signal-mediated transport into the nucleus.
    J Cell Biol. 1995 Jan;128(1-2):5-14 PMID: 7822421
  216. The glut 1 glucose transporter interacts with calnexin and calreticulin.
    J Biol Chem. 1996 Jun 7;271(23):13691-6 PMID: 8662691
  217. Novel functions for calreticulin: interaction with integrins and modulation of gene expression?
    Trends Biochem Sci. 1994 Jul;19(7):269-71 PMID: 8048166
  218. Calreticulin biosynthesis and processing in human myeloid cells: demonstration of signal peptide cleavage and N-glycosylation.
    Blood. 1997 Jul 1;90(1):372-81 PMID: 9207473
  219. Implications of calreticulin function in parasite biology.
    Parasitol Today. 1998 Apr;14(4):157-60 PMID: 17040734
  220. Distribution of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor isoforms, SERCA isoforms and Ca2+ binding proteins in RBL-2H3 rat basophilic leukemia cells.
    Cell Calcium. 1997 Dec;22(6):475-86 PMID: 9502197
  221. Transmembrane topology and sites of N-glycosylation of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor.
    J Biol Chem. 1994 Mar 25;269(12):9184-9 PMID: 8132655
  222. Decreasing calreticulin expression lowers the Ca2+ response to bradykinin and increases sensitivity to ionomycin in NG-108-15 cells.
    J Biol Chem. 1994 Nov 18;269(46):28635-9 PMID: 7961812
  223. Molecular cloning of a novel Ca(2+)-binding protein (calmegin) specifically expressed during male meiotic germ cell development.
    J Biol Chem. 1994 Mar 11;269(10):7744-9 PMID: 8126001
  224. In vitro interaction of a polypeptide homologous to human Ro/SS-A antigen (calreticulin) with a highly conserved amino acid sequence in the cytoplasmic domain of integrin alpha subunits.
    Biochemistry. 1991 Oct 15;30(41):9859-66 PMID: 1911778
  225. Presence of calreticulin in vector fleas (Siphonaptera).
    J Med Entomol. 1996 May;33(3):482-9 PMID: 8667398
  226. Participation of a novel 88-kD protein in the biogenesis of murine class I histocompatibility molecules.
    J Cell Biol. 1991 Mar;112(6):1099-115 PMID: 1999467
  227. A set of endoplasmic reticulum proteins possessing properties of molecular chaperones includes Ca(2+)-binding proteins and members of the thioredoxin superfamily.
    J Biol Chem. 1994 Jan 21;269(3):1744-9 PMID: 8294423
  228. Involvement of endoplasmic reticulum chaperones in the folding of hepatitis C virus glycoproteins.
    J Virol. 1998 May;72(5):3851-8 PMID: 9557669
  229. Calreticulin, a potential vascular regulatory protein, reduces intimal hyperplasia after arterial injury.
    Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 1997 Nov;17(11):2359-68 PMID: 9409202
  230. Thapsigargin inhibits the sarcoplasmic or endoplasmic reticulum Ca-ATPase family of calcium pumps.
    J Biol Chem. 1991 Sep 15;266(26):17067-71 PMID: 1832668
Article Info
Journal
The Biochemical journal
Abbr.
Biochem J
ISSN
0264-6021
Email
[email protected]
Published
1999-12-01
Pages
281-92
Language
English
Region
England
NLM ID
2984726R
PMCID
PMC1220642
Subset
IM
External Links
PubMed source PMC Full Text View journal details
Analysis Services
Analysis Services

Contact

No. 2 Wenbo Road, Zhangqiu District, Jinan, Shandong

Qilu Normal University · Genelibs Bioinformatics Lab

750 Shunhua Rd, Jinan

2F, Bldg F, University Science Park

Tel: 0531-88819269

WeChat Official Account

Follow our WeChat subscription account for real-time updates and the latest in medical and biological research.


Business Email

E-mail: [email protected]

Copyright © 2026.Genelibs Jinan Honghui Biotechnology Co., Ltd. 鲁ICP备20007159号-2