Raman spectra and structure of yeast phenylalanine transfer RNA in the crystalline state and in solution.

Laser Raman spectra of yeast phenylalanine transfer RNA have been obtained in solution and in orthorhombic and hexagonal crystals. So far as one can tell from the spectra, which are identical in the two crystal forms, the molecular structure of the tRNA is not altered by differences in molecular packing in these two unit cells. In addition, the spectra of the two crystal forms show the same characteristic Raman frequencies and intensities as those of the tRNA in aqueous solution. Thus the structure of the tRNA molecule appears to be the same in the crystals and in aqueous solution. From the spectroscopic changes that result when Mg2+ ions are removed from the native tRNA, it is concluded that the removal of Mg2+ produces a partial disordering of the ribophosphate backbone of the molecule and a lowering of its melting temperature. The melting is shown to be a complex process in that the vibrations specific for adenine indicate a slightly lower melting temperature and those specific for guanine a slightly higher melting temperature than that of the ribophosphate backbone.