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PMID: 11106387 Published · ppublish English Journal Article Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.

Cell injury releases endogenous adjuvants that stimulate cytotoxic T cell responses.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America ·Vol. 97 ·No. 26 ·2000-12-19 ·Pages 14590-5

Shi Y, Zheng W, Rock KL

Abstract

General immunostimulants (adjuvants) are essential for generating immunity to many antigens. In bacterial infections, adjuvants are provided by components of the microorganism, e.g., lipopolysaccharide. However, it is unclear what provides the adjuvant effect for immune responses that are generated to tumors and many viruses. Here we show that cell injury and death of tumor or even normal cells provide a potent adjuvant effect for the stimulation of cytotoxic T lymphocyte responses. This adjuvant activity is constitutively present in the cytoplasm of cells and is increased in the cytoplasm of cells dying by apoptosis. The release of these components stimulates immune responses both locally and at a distance, and provides a simple mechanism to alert the immune system to potential danger in almost all pathological situations.

MeSH Terms
3T3 Cells Adjuvants, Immunologic Animals Cell Line Cytosol/immunology Drosophila HIV Envelope Protein gp120/immunology Mice Mice, Inbred BALB C Mice, Inbred C57BL Ovalbumin/immunology T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/immunology
Chemicals
Adjuvants, Immunologic HIV Envelope Protein gp120 Ovalbumin
Authors & Affiliations
3 authors, click to expand affiliations / ORCID
Shi Y
Department of Pathology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01655, USA.
Zheng W
Rock K L
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Article Info
Journal
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
Abbr.
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A
ISSN
0027-8424
DOI
10.1073/pnas.260497597
Published
2000-12-19
Pages
14590-5
Language
English
Region
United States
NLM ID
7505876
PMCID
PMC18963
Subset
IM
Grants
NIDDK NIH HHS · P30 DK032520 · United States
NIDDK NIH HHS · DK32520 · United States
External Links
PubMed source DOI: 10.1073/pnas.260497597 PMC Full Text View journal details
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