Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) remains incurable, with a median survival of 3 to 4 years. This study shows direct effects of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) upon MM and plasma cell leukemia (PCL) cells. The results indicate that VEGF triggers tumor cell proliferation via a protein kinase C (PKC)-independent Raf-1-MEK-extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase pathway, and migration via a PKC-dependent pathway. These observations provide the framework for novel therapeutic strategies targeting VEGF signaling cascades in MM.
MeSH Terms
Cell Division/drug effects
Cell Movement/drug effects
Endothelial Growth Factors/genetics,metabolism,pharmacology
Extracellular Matrix Proteins/analysis,genetics,metabolism
Flavonoids/pharmacology
Gene Expression
Humans
Leukemia, Plasma Cell/metabolism,pathology
Lymphokines/genetics,metabolism,pharmacology
MAP Kinase Kinase 1
MAP Kinase Kinase Kinases/metabolism
Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinases/antagonists & inhibitors
Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases/metabolism
Multiple Myeloma/metabolism,pathology
Protein Kinase C/metabolism
Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases/antagonists & inhibitors
Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-raf/metabolism
Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
Signal Transduction
Tumor Cells, Cultured
Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A
Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors
Chemicals
Endothelial Growth Factors
Extracellular Matrix Proteins
Flavonoids
Lymphokines
Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A
Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors
Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases
Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-raf
Protein Kinase C
Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases
MAP Kinase Kinase Kinases
MAP Kinase Kinase 1
MAP2K1 protein, human
Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinases
2-(2-amino-3-methoxyphenyl)-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one
Authors & Affiliations
14 authors, click to expand affiliations / ORCID
Podar K
Jerome Lipper Multiple Myeloma Center, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, and Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
Tai Y T
Davies F E
Lentzsch S
Sattler M
Hideshima T
Lin B K
Gupta D
Shima Y
Chauhan D
Mitsiades C
Raje N
Richardson P
Anderson K C