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PMID: 11449052 Published · ppublish English Journal Article Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

The last step of syringyl monolignol biosynthesis in angiosperms is regulated by a novel gene encoding sinapyl alcohol dehydrogenase.

The Plant cell ·Vol. 13 ·No. 7 ·2001-07-00 ·Pages 1567-86

Li L, Cheng XF, Leshkevich J, Umezawa T, Harding SA, Chiang VL

Abstract

Cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase (CAD; EC 1.1.1.195) has been thought to mediate the reduction of both coniferaldehyde and sinapaldehyde into guaiacyl and syringyl monolignols in angiosperms. Here, we report the isolation of a novel aspen gene (PtSAD) encoding sinapyl alcohol dehydrogenase (SAD), which is phylogenetically distinct from aspen CAD (PtCAD). Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry-based enzyme functional analysis and substrate level-controlled enzyme kinetics consistently demonstrated that PtSAD is sinapaldehyde specific and that PtCAD is coniferaldehyde specific. The enzymatic efficiency of PtSAD for sinapaldehyde was approximately 60 times greater than that of PtCAD. These data suggest that in addition to CAD, discrete SAD function is essential to the biosynthesis of syringyl monolignol in angiosperms. In aspen stem primary tissues, PtCAD was immunolocalized exclusively to xylem elements in which only guaiacyl lignin was deposited, whereas PtSAD was abundant in syringyl lignin-enriched phloem fiber cells. In the developing secondary stem xylem, PtCAD was most conspicuous in guaiacyl lignin-enriched vessels, but PtSAD was nearly absent from these elements and was conspicuous in fiber cells. In the context of additional protein immunolocalization and lignin histochemistry, these results suggest that the distinct CAD and SAD functions are linked spatiotemporally to the differential biosynthesis of guaiacyl and syringyl lignins in different cell types. SAD is required for the biosynthesis of syringyl lignin in angiosperms.

MeSH Terms
Acrolein/analogs & derivatives,metabolism Alcohol Dehydrogenase/genetics,metabolism Alcohol Oxidoreductases/genetics,metabolism,physiology Amino Acid Sequence Cell Wall/chemistry Cloning, Molecular DNA, Complementary Enzyme Inhibitors/metabolism Immunohistochemistry Kinetics Lignin/biosynthesis,chemistry,classification,genetics,metabolism Magnoliopsida/enzymology,genetics,metabolism Molecular Sequence Data Phenols/chemistry,metabolism Phylogeny Plant Proteins/genetics,metabolism Plant Stems/cytology Species Specificity Substrate Specificity
Chemicals
DNA, Complementary Enzyme Inhibitors Phenols Plant Proteins guaiacyl monolignol sinapyl alcohol dehydrogenase syringyl monolignol coniferaldehyde sinapaldehyde Acrolein Lignin coniferyl alcohol Alcohol Oxidoreductases Alcohol Dehydrogenase cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase
Authors & Affiliations
6 authors, click to expand affiliations / ORCID
Li L
Plant Biotechnology Research Center, School of Forestry, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI 49931, USA.
Cheng X F
Leshkevich J
Umezawa T
Harding S A
Chiang V L
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Article Info
Journal
The Plant cell
Abbr.
Plant Cell
ISSN
1040-4651
DOI
10.1105/tpc.010111
Published
2001-07-00
Pages
1567-86
Language
English
Region
England
NLM ID
9208688
PMCID
PMC139549
Subset
IM
Databases
GENBANK
AF038561, AF083332, AF217957, AF273256, X62343
External Links
PubMed source DOI: 10.1105/tpc.010111 PMC Full Text View journal details
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