Successful production of offspring after superovulation and in vitro culture of embryos from domestic ferrets (Mustela putorius furos).

In an effort to expand the use of ferrets as models for genetic disease, several experimental parameters that are required for successful genetic manipulation in this species were investigated. Optimum superovulation (19.3 +/- 0.6 oocytes and embryos per female) was achieved after injections of 100 iu equine chorionic gonadotrophin (eCG) and 150 iu human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG). The ovulation rate achieved by the treatment was more than double that induced by mating. Mating with a male immediately after hCG treatment did not significantly alter the number of oocytes ovulated or the number of embryos present, indicating that mating is not required for superovulation in ferrets. Of embryos harvested at the one-cell stage, 64.5% and 47.1% developed into blastocysts when cultured in vitro in CZB or TCM-199 plus 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS) media, respectively. In contrast, only 17.1% of embryos cultured in vitro in NCSU-23 developed to the blastocyst stage. Both freshly retrieved and in vitro cultured embryos from cinnamon-coloured parents produced live young when transferred at the eight-cell stage into albino, pseudo-pregnant recipients. The percentage of kits delivered relative to embryos transferred was 61% for freshly retrieved embryos and 32% for embryos cultured in vitro. These results demonstrate successful embryo transfer in ferrets and provide a basis for further study of genetic modelling approaches in this species after embryo manipulation.