Home LiteratureArticle Details
PMID: 11943881 Published · ppublish English Journal Article Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. Review

Diversity of G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathways to ERK/MAP kinase.

Neuro-Signals ·Vol. 11 ·No. 1 ·2002-00-00 ·Pages 34-44

Belcheva MM, Coscia CJ

Abstract

One of the most intriguing examples of cross talk between signaling systems is the interrelationship between G protein-coupled receptor and growth factor receptor pathways leading to activation of the ERK/MAP kinase phosphorylation cascade. This review focuses on the mechanism of this cross talk, denoting primarily signaling components known to occur in the G protein-coupled receptor branch of the MAP kinase pathways in neural cells. Recent evidence is presented on the existence of a plethora of pathways, due to the multiplicity of G protein-coupled receptors, their differential interaction with heterotrimeric G protein isoforms, various effectors and second messengers. In light of this rich diversity, the review will discuss different points of convergence of G protein-coupled receptor and growth factor receptor pathways that may feature a requirement for growth factor receptor transactivation, receptor internalization and scaffolds to assemble receptor, adaptor and anchoring proteins into multiprotein complexes.

MeSH Terms
Animals GTP-Binding Proteins/physiology Humans MAP Kinase Signaling System/physiology Receptor Cross-Talk/physiology
Chemicals
GTP-Binding Proteins
Authors & Affiliations
2 authors, click to expand affiliations / ORCID
Belcheva Mariana M
E.A. Doisy Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, St. Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Mo. 63104, USA.
Coscia Carmine J
References (124)
124 references, click to expand
  1. G protein-coupled receptors mediate two functionally distinct pathways of tyrosine phosphorylation in rat 1a fibroblasts. Shc phosphorylation and receptor endocytosis correlate with activation of Erk kinases.
    J Biol Chem. 1997 Dec 12;272(50):31648-56 PMID: 9395506
  2. Signaling through scaffold, anchoring, and adaptor proteins.
    Science. 1997 Dec 19;278(5346):2075-80 PMID: 9405336
  3. Essential role for G protein-coupled receptor endocytosis in the activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase.
    J Biol Chem. 1998 Jan 9;273(2):685-8 PMID: 9422717
  4. Opioid modulation of extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase activity is ras-dependent and involves Gbetagamma subunits.
    J Neurochem. 1998 Feb;70(2):635-45 PMID: 9453557
  5. Requirement of Ras-GTP-Raf complexes for activation of Raf-1 by protein kinase C.
    Science. 1998 Apr 3;280(5360):109-12 PMID: 9525855
  6. RasGRP, a Ras guanyl nucleotide- releasing protein with calcium- and diacylglycerol-binding motifs.
    Science. 1998 May 15;280(5366):1082-6 PMID: 9582122
  7. Ligand-independent activation of platelet-derived growth factor receptor is a necessary intermediate in lysophosphatidic, acid-stimulated mitogenic activity in L cells.
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1998 Jul 21;95(15):8985-90 PMID: 9671791
  8. EEA1 links PI(3)K function to Rab5 regulation of endosome fusion.
    Nature. 1998 Jul 30;394(6692):494-8 PMID: 9697774
  9. Calmodulin inhibitor W13 induces sustained activation of ERK2 and expression of p21(cip1).
    J Biol Chem. 1998 Aug 21;273(34):22145-50 PMID: 9705360
  10. Epidermal growth factor treatment enhances the kinase activity of kinase suppressor of Ras.
    J Biol Chem. 2000 Jun 9;275(23):17276-80 PMID: 10764733
  11. Transactivation of the EGF receptor mediates IGF-1-stimulated shc phosphorylation and ERK1/2 activation in COS-7 cells.
    J Biol Chem. 2000 Jul 21;275(29):22583-9 PMID: 10807918
  12. Tyrosine phosphorylation of the delta-opioid receptor. Evidence for its role in mitogen-activated protein kinase activation and receptor internalization*.
    Biochem Pharmacol. 2000 Sep 15;60(6):781-92 PMID: 10930532
  13. beta 2-adrenergic receptor activates extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERKs) via the small G protein rap1 and the serine/threonine kinase B-Raf.
    J Biol Chem. 2000 Aug 18;275(33):25342-50 PMID: 10840035
  14. Evidence for transduction of mu but not kappa opioid modulation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase activity by G(z) and G(12) proteins.
    Cell Signal. 2000 Jul;12(7):481-9 PMID: 10989284
  15. Calmodulin binds to and inhibits the activity of the membrane distal catalytic domain of receptor protein-tyrosine phosphatase alpha.
    J Biol Chem. 2000 Sep 29;275(39):30075-81 PMID: 10893241
  16. The proliferative and antiapoptotic effects of substance P are facilitated by formation of a beta -arrestin-dependent scaffolding complex.
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2000 Sep 26;97(20):11086-91 PMID: 10995467
  17. G-protein-independent signaling by G-protein-coupled receptors.
    Trends Neurosci. 2000 Oct;23(10):469-75 PMID: 11006463
  18. Role of phosphoinositide 3-kinase and endocytosis in nerve growth factor-induced extracellular signal-regulated kinase activation via Ras and Rap1.
    Mol Cell Biol. 2000 Nov;20(21):8069-83 PMID: 11027277
  19. Binding of calmodulin to the D2-dopamine receptor reduces receptor signaling by arresting the G protein activation switch.
    J Biol Chem. 2000 Oct 20;275(42):32672-80 PMID: 10926927
  20. Calcium and cAMP signals differentially regulate cAMP-responsive element-binding protein function via a Rap1-extracellular signal-regulated kinase pathway.
    J Biol Chem. 2000 Nov 3;275(44):34433-41 PMID: 10950954
  21. Cell signaling by receptor tyrosine kinases.
    Cell. 2000 Oct 13;103(2):211-25 PMID: 11057895
  22. Beta-arrestin 2: a receptor-regulated MAPK scaffold for the activation of JNK3.
    Science. 2000 Nov 24;290(5496):1574-7 PMID: 11090355
  23. Direct binding of activated c-Src to the beta 3-adrenergic receptor is required for MAP kinase activation.
    J Biol Chem. 2000 Dec 8;275(49):38131-4 PMID: 11013230
  24. Evolving concepts in G protein-coupled receptor endocytosis: the role in receptor desensitization and signaling.
    Pharmacol Rev. 2001 Mar;53(1):1-24 PMID: 11171937
  25. Activation and targeting of extracellular signal-regulated kinases by beta-arrestin scaffolds.
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2001 Feb 27;98(5):2449-54 PMID: 11226259
  26. Expanding roles for beta-arrestins as scaffolds and adapters in GPCR signaling and trafficking.
    Curr Opin Cell Biol. 2001 Apr;13(2):139-45 PMID: 11248546
  27. A novel 14-kilodalton protein interacts with the mitogen-activated protein kinase scaffold mp1 on a late endosomal/lysosomal compartment.
    J Cell Biol. 2001 Feb 19;152(4):765-76 PMID: 11266467
  28. cAMP-dependent protein kinase induces cAMP-response element-binding protein phosphorylation via an intracellular calcium release/ERK-dependent pathway in striatal neurons.
    J Biol Chem. 2001 Apr 13;276(15):11487-95 PMID: 11139572
  29. KSR: a MAPK scaffold of the Ras pathway?
    J Cell Sci. 2001 May;114(Pt 9):1609-12 PMID: 11309192
  30. New mechanisms in heptahelical receptor signaling to mitogen activated protein kinase cascades.
    Oncogene. 2001 Mar 26;20(13):1532-9 PMID: 11313899
  31. Ras-MAP kinase signaling by lysophosphatidic acid and other G protein-coupled receptor agonists.
    Oncogene. 2001 Mar 26;20(13):1540-6 PMID: 11313900
  32. ADP-ribosylation of rho p21 inhibits lysophosphatidic acid-induced protein tyrosine phosphorylation and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase activation in cultured Swiss 3T3 cells.
    J Biol Chem. 1993 Nov 25;268(33):24535-8 PMID: 8227009
  33. Protein kinase A antagonizes platelet-derived growth factor-induced signaling by mitogen-activated protein kinase in human arterial smooth muscle cells.
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1993 Nov 1;90(21):10300-4 PMID: 7694289
  34. Increasing cAMP attenuates activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase.
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1993 Nov 1;90(21):10305-9 PMID: 7694290
  35. Calcium activation of Ras mediated by neuronal exchange factor Ras-GRF.
    Nature. 1995 Aug 10;376(6540):524-7 PMID: 7637786
  36. Protein tyrosine kinase PYK2 involved in Ca(2+)-induced regulation of ion channel and MAP kinase functions.
    Nature. 1995 Aug 31;376(6543):737-45 PMID: 7544443
  37. Thrombin stimulates phosphorylation of insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor, insulin receptor substrate-1, and phospholipase C-gamma 1 in rat aortic smooth muscle cells.
    J Biol Chem. 1995 Nov 17;270(46):27871-5 PMID: 7499260
  38. G(o)-protein alpha-subunits activate mitogen-activated protein kinase via a novel protein kinase C-dependent mechanism.
    J Biol Chem. 1996 Jan 19;271(3):1266-9 PMID: 8576109
  39. Role of transactivation of the EGF receptor in signalling by G-protein-coupled receptors.
    Nature. 1996 Feb 8;379(6565):557-60 PMID: 8596637
  40. Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase is an early intermediate in the G beta gamma-mediated mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathway.
    J Biol Chem. 1996 May 24;271(21):12133-6 PMID: 8647803
  41. Identification of an essential signaling cascade for mitogen-activated protein kinase activation by angiotensin II in cultured rat vascular smooth muscle cells. Possible requirement of Gq-mediated p21ras activation coupled to a Ca2+/calmodulin-sensitive tyrosine kinase.
    J Biol Chem. 1996 Jun 14;271(24):14169-75 PMID: 8662912
  42. A C-terminal mutant of the G protein beta subunit deficient in the activation of phospholipase C-beta.
    J Biol Chem. 1996 Aug 16;271(33):20208-12 PMID: 8702747
  43. Protein kinase C activates the MEK-ERK pathway in a manner independent of Ras and dependent on Raf.
    J Biol Chem. 1996 Sep 20;271(38):23512-9 PMID: 8798560
  44. A role for Pyk2 and Src in linking G-protein-coupled receptors with MAP kinase activation.
    Nature. 1996 Oct 10;383(6600):547-50 PMID: 8849729
  45. Regulation of mitogen-activated protein kinases by a calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase cascade.
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1996 Oct 1;93(20):10803-8 PMID: 8855261
  46. Inhibition of G protein-coupled receptor kinase subtypes by Ca2+/calmodulin.
    J Biol Chem. 1996 Nov 8;271(45):28691-6 PMID: 8910504
  47. Cyclic AMP inhibits activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase and cell proliferation in response to growth factors in cultured rat cortical astrocytes.
    J Neurochem. 1996 Dec;67(6):2246-55 PMID: 8931455
  48. Control of EGF receptor signaling by clathrin-mediated endocytosis.
    Science. 1996 Dec 20;274(5295):2086-9 PMID: 8953040
  49. Linkage of G protein-coupled receptors to the MAPK signaling pathway through PI 3-kinase gamma.
    Science. 1997 Jan 17;275(5298):394-7 PMID: 8994038
  50. Gbetagamma subunits mediate Src-dependent phosphorylation of the epidermal growth factor receptor. A scaffold for G protein-coupled receptor-mediated Ras activation.
    J Biol Chem. 1997 Feb 14;272(7):4637-44 PMID: 9020193
  51. Signal transduction from the extracellular matrix--a role for the focal adhesion protein-tyrosine kinase FAK.
    Cell Struct Funct. 1996 Oct;21(5):445-50 PMID: 9118254
  52. cAMP activates MAP kinase and Elk-1 through a B-Raf- and Rap1-dependent pathway.
    Cell. 1997 Apr 4;89(1):73-82 PMID: 9094716
  53. MAP kinase translocates into the nucleus of the presynaptic cell and is required for long-term facilitation in Aplysia.
    Neuron. 1997 Jun;18(6):899-912 PMID: 9208858
  54. The Ca2+-dependent binding of calmodulin to an N-terminal motif of the heterotrimeric G protein beta subunit.
    J Biol Chem. 1997 Jul 25;272(30):18801-7 PMID: 9228054
  55. Ras-dependent mitogen-activated protein kinase activation by G protein-coupled receptors. Convergence of Gi- and Gq-mediated pathways on calcium/calmodulin, Pyk2, and Src kinase.
    J Biol Chem. 1997 Aug 1;272(31):19125-32 PMID: 9235901
  56. Growth factor activity of endothelin-1 in primary astrocytes mediated by adhesion-dependent and -independent pathways.
    J Neurosci. 1997 Aug 15;17(16):6203-12 PMID: 9236231
  57. Phosphorylation and calmodulin binding of the metabotropic glutamate receptor subtype 5 (mGluR5) are antagonistic in vitro.
    J Biol Chem. 1997 Aug 8;272(32):20291-8 PMID: 9242710
  58. Conditional inhibition of the mitogen-activated protein kinase cascade by wortmannin. Dependence on signal strength.
    J Biol Chem. 1997 Oct 31;272(44):27665-70 PMID: 9346906
  59. Calmodulin activates phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase.
    J Biol Chem. 1997 Nov 7;272(45):28183-6 PMID: 9353264
  60. Switching of the coupling of the beta2-adrenergic receptor to different G proteins by protein kinase A.
    Nature. 1997 Nov 6;390(6655):88-91 PMID: 9363896
  61. Signal characteristics of G protein-transactivated EGF receptor.
    EMBO J. 1997 Dec 1;16(23):7032-44 PMID: 9384582
  62. 3-Hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase inhibitors block calcium-dependent tyrosine kinase Pyk2 activation by angiotensin II in vascular endothelial cells. involvement of geranylgeranylation of small G protein Rap1.
    J Biol Chem. 2001 May 11;276(19):15761-7 PMID: 11278472
  63. Identification of the mechanisms regulating the differential activation of the mapk cascade by epidermal growth factor and nerve growth factor in PC12 cells.
    J Biol Chem. 2001 May 25;276(21):18169-77 PMID: 11278445
  64. Agonist-dependent recruitment of phosphoinositide 3-kinase to the membrane by beta-adrenergic receptor kinase 1. A role in receptor sequestration.
    J Biol Chem. 2001 Jun 1;276(22):18953-9 PMID: 11259422
  65. Src and Pyk2 mediate G-protein-coupled receptor activation of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) but are not required for coupling to the mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase signaling cascade.
    J Biol Chem. 2001 Jun 8;276(23):20130-5 PMID: 11274221
  66. Epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor-dependent ERK activation by G protein-coupled receptors: a co-culture system for identifying intermediates upstream and downstream of heparin-binding EGF shedding.
    J Biol Chem. 2001 Jun 22;276(25):23155-60 PMID: 11290747
  67. G-protein-coupled receptors and signaling networks: emerging paradigms.
    Trends Pharmacol Sci. 2001 Jul;22(7):368-76 PMID: 11431032
  68. mu-Opioid receptor-mediated ERK activation involves calmodulin-dependent epidermal growth factor receptor transactivation.
    J Biol Chem. 2001 Sep 7;276(36):33847-53 PMID: 11457825
  69. EGF receptor transactivation mediated by the proteolytic production of EGF-like agonists.
    Sci STKE. 2000 Jan 18;2000(15):pe1 PMID: 11865189
  70. Diverse mitogenic agents induce the phosphorylation of two related 42,000-dalton proteins on tyrosine in quiescent chick cells.
    Mol Cell Biol. 1984 Jan;4(1):30-7 PMID: 6199661
  71. Diverse mitogenic agents induce rapid phosphorylation of a common set of cellular proteins at tyrosine in quiescent mammalian cells.
    J Biol Chem. 1985 Feb 10;260(3):1771-9 PMID: 3871438
  72. Pertussis toxin-sensitive activation of p21ras by G protein-coupled receptor agonists in fibroblasts.
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1993 Feb 15;90(4):1257-61 PMID: 7679495
  73. Receptor stimulated accumulation of phosphatidylinositol (3,4,5)-trisphosphate by G-protein mediated pathways in human myeloid derived cells.
    EMBO J. 1993 Jun;12(6):2265-73 PMID: 8389691
  74. Protein kinase C alpha activates RAF-1 by direct phosphorylation.
    Nature. 1993 Jul 15;364(6434):249-52 PMID: 8321321
  75. Inhibition of the EGF-activated MAP kinase signaling pathway by adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate.
    Science. 1993 Nov 12;262(5136):1065-9 PMID: 7694366
  76. Inhibition by cAMP of Ras-dependent activation of Raf.
    Science. 1993 Nov 12;262(5136):1069-72 PMID: 7694367
  77. cAMP and beta gamma subunits of heterotrimeric G proteins stimulate the mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway in COS-7 cells.
    J Biol Chem. 1994 Mar 18;269(11):7851-4 PMID: 8132501
  78. Ras-dependent activation of MAP kinase pathway mediated by G-protein beta gamma subunits.
    Nature. 1994 Jun 2;369(6479):418-20 PMID: 8196770
  79. Direct evidence that Gi-coupled receptor stimulation of mitogen-activated protein kinase is mediated by G beta gamma activation of p21ras.
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1994 Dec 20;91(26):12706-10 PMID: 7809106
  80. Convergence of angiotensin II and platelet-derived growth factor receptor signaling cascades in vascular smooth muscle cells.
    J Biol Chem. 1995 May 26;270(21):12563-8 PMID: 7759503
  81. G beta gamma interactions with PH domains and Ras-MAPK signaling pathways.
    Trends Biochem Sci. 1995 Apr;20(4):151-6 PMID: 7770915
  82. Distinct pathways of Gi- and Gq-mediated mitogen-activated protein kinase activation.
    J Biol Chem. 1995 Jul 21;270(29):17148-53 PMID: 7615510
  83. G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) trafficking in the central nervous system: relevance for drugs of abuse.
    Drug Alcohol Depend. 1998 Jun-Jul;51(1-2):73-85 PMID: 9716931
  84. Related adhesion focal tyrosine kinase and the epidermal growth factor receptor mediate the stimulation of mitogen-activated protein kinase by the G-protein-coupled P2Y2 receptor. Phorbol ester or [Ca2+]i elevation can substitute for receptor activation.
    J Biol Chem. 1998 Sep 4;273(36):23110-7 PMID: 9722539
  85. MP1: a MEK binding partner that enhances enzymatic activation of the MAP kinase cascade.
    Science. 1998 Sep 11;281(5383):1668-71 PMID: 9733512
  86. Patterns of expression for the mRNA corresponding to the four isoforms of phospholipase Cbeta in mouse brain.
    Eur J Neurosci. 1998 Jun;10(6):2016-25 PMID: 9753089
  87. Calcium influx activates extracellular-regulated kinase/mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway through a calmodulin-sensitive mechanism in PC12 cells.
    J Biol Chem. 1999 Jan 1;274(1):75-85 PMID: 9867813
  88. Structural organization of MAP-kinase signaling modules by scaffold proteins in yeast and mammals.
    Trends Biochem Sci. 1998 Dec;23(12):481-5 PMID: 9868371
  89. Requirement of receptor internalization for opioid stimulation of mitogen-activated protein kinase: biochemical and immunofluorescence confocal microscopic evidence.
    J Neurosci. 1999 Jan 1;19(1):56-63 PMID: 9870938
  90. Src-mediated tyrosine phosphorylation of dynamin is required for beta2-adrenergic receptor internalization and mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling.
    J Biol Chem. 1999 Jan 15;274(3):1185-8 PMID: 9880482
  91. Beta-arrestin-dependent formation of beta2 adrenergic receptor-Src protein kinase complexes.
    Science. 1999 Jan 29;283(5402):655-61 PMID: 9924018
  92. Serotonin 5-HT1A receptor-mediated Erk activation requires calcium/calmodulin-dependent receptor endocytosis.
    J Biol Chem. 1999 Feb 19;274(8):4749-53 PMID: 9988712
  93. Both Gs and Gi proteins are critically involved in isoproterenol-induced cardiomyocyte hypertrophy.
    J Biol Chem. 1999 Apr 2;274(14):9760-70 PMID: 10092665
  94. Role of arrestins in endocytosis and signaling of alpha2-adrenergic receptor subtypes.
    J Biol Chem. 1999 Apr 16;274(16):11253-9 PMID: 10196213
  95. U50,488H-induced internalization of the human kappa opioid receptor involves a beta-arrestin- and dynamin-dependent mechanism. Kappa receptor internalization is not required for mitogen-activated protein kinase activation.
    J Biol Chem. 1999 Apr 23;274(17):12087-94 PMID: 10207034
  96. Regulation of tyrosine kinase cascades by G-protein-coupled receptors.
    Curr Opin Cell Biol. 1999 Apr;11(2):177-83 PMID: 10209148
  97. Regulation of muscarinic acetylcholine receptor sequestration and function by beta-arrestin.
    J Biol Chem. 1999 Apr 30;274(18):12333-8 PMID: 10212203
  98. Pleiotropic coupling of G protein-coupled receptors to the mitogen-activated protein kinase cascade. Role of focal adhesions and receptor tyrosine kinases.
    J Biol Chem. 1999 May 14;274(20):13978-84 PMID: 10318809
  99. Making new connections: role of ERK/MAP kinase signaling in neuronal plasticity.
    Neuron. 1999 May;23(1):11-4 PMID: 10402188
  100. Distinct calcium-dependent pathways of epidermal growth factor receptor transactivation and PYK2 tyrosine phosphorylation in PC12 cells.
    J Biol Chem. 1999 Jul 23;274(30):20989-96 PMID: 10409647
  101. Modulation of rap activity by direct interaction of Galpha(o) with Rap1 GTPase-activating protein.
    J Biol Chem. 1999 Jul 30;274(31):21507-10 PMID: 10419452
  102. Calmodulin binding to G protein-coupling domain of opioid receptors.
    J Biol Chem. 1999 Jul 30;274(31):22081-8 PMID: 10419536
  103. cAMP antagonizes p21ras-directed activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 2 and phosphorylation of mSos nucleotide exchange factor.
    EMBO J. 1993 Nov;12(11):4211-20 PMID: 8223435
  104. Dissociation of functional roles of dynamin in receptor-mediated endocytosis and mitogenic signal transduction.
    J Biol Chem. 1999 Aug 27;274(35):24575-8 PMID: 10455121
  105. Stimulation of mitogen-activated protein kinase by G protein-coupled alpha(2)-adrenergic receptors does not require agonist-elicited endocytosis.
    J Biol Chem. 1999 Aug 27;274(35):24935-40 PMID: 10455169
  106. Differential effects of cAMP in neurons and astrocytes. Role of B-raf.
    J Biol Chem. 1999 Sep 3;274(36):25842-8 PMID: 10464325
  107. Signal transduction. Rhapsody in G proteins.
    Nature. 1999 Aug 26;400(6747):820-1 PMID: 10476955
  108. Activation of the ERK/MAPK pathway by an isoform of rap1GAP associated with G alpha(i)
    Nature. 1999 Aug 26;400(6747):891-4 PMID: 10476970
  109. Extracellular-signal-regulated kinase signalling in neurons.
    Curr Opin Neurobiol. 1999 Oct;9(5):544-53 PMID: 10508738
  110. Trafficking and proteolytic release of epidermal growth factor receptor ligands are modulated by their membrane-anchoring domains.
    J Biol Chem. 2000 Jan 7;275(1):557-64 PMID: 10617651
  111. EGF receptor transactivation by G-protein-coupled receptors requires metalloproteinase cleavage of proHB-EGF.
    Nature. 1999 Dec 23-30;402(6764):884-8 PMID: 10622253
  112. Mitogenic signaling via endogenous kappa-opioid receptors in C6 glioma cells: evidence for the involvement of protein kinase C and the mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling cascade.
    J Neurochem. 2000 Feb;74(2):564-73 PMID: 10646507
  113. Mu-opioid agonist inhibition of kappa-opioid receptor-stimulated extracellular signal-regulated kinase phosphorylation is dynamin-dependent in C6 glioma cells.
    J Neurochem. 2000 Feb;74(2):574-81 PMID: 10646508
  114. Neuronal calcium activates a Rap1 and B-Raf signaling pathway via the cyclic adenosine monophosphate-dependent protein kinase.
    J Biol Chem. 2000 Feb 4;275(5):3722-8 PMID: 10652372
  115. Stimulation of cleavage of membrane proteins by calmodulin inhibitors.
    Biochem J. 2000 Mar 1;346 Pt 2:359-67 PMID: 10677354
  116. Role of endocytosis in the activation of the extracellular signal-regulated kinase cascade by sequestering and nonsequestering G protein-coupled receptors.
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2000 Feb 15;97(4):1489-94 PMID: 10677489
  117. Nerve growth factor activation of the extracellular signal-regulated kinase pathway is modulated by Ca(2+) and calmodulin.
    Mol Cell Biol. 2000 Mar;20(6):1931-46 PMID: 10688641
  118. Signal transduction: hanging on a scaffold.
    Curr Opin Cell Biol. 2000 Apr;12(2):211-6 PMID: 10712921
  119. beta-arrestin-dependent endocytosis of proteinase-activated receptor 2 is required for intracellular targeting of activated ERK1/2.
    J Cell Biol. 2000 Mar 20;148(6):1267-81 PMID: 10725339
  120. Nuclear Ca2+/calmodulin translocation activated by mu-opioid (OP3) receptor.
    J Neurochem. 2000 Apr;74(4):1418-25 PMID: 10737597
  121. The beta(2)-adrenergic receptor mediates extracellular signal-regulated kinase activation via assembly of a multi-receptor complex with the epidermal growth factor receptor.
    J Biol Chem. 2000 Mar 31;275(13):9572-80 PMID: 10734107
  122. Activation of B-Raf and regulation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway by the G(o) alpha chain.
    Mol Biol Cell. 2000 Apr;11(4):1129-42 PMID: 10749919
  123. Carbachol-stimulated transactivation of epidermal growth factor receptor and mitogen-activated protein kinase in T(84) cells is mediated by intracellular Ca2+, PYK-2, and p60(src).
    J Biol Chem. 2000 Apr 28;275(17):12619-25 PMID: 10777553
  124. Growth hormone-releasing hormone stimulates mitogen-activated protein kinase.
    Endocrinology. 2000 Jun;141(6):2113-9 PMID: 10830298
Article Info
Journal
Neuro-Signals
Abbr.
Neurosignals
ISSN
1424-862X
DOI
10.1159/000057320
Published
2002-00-00
Pages
34-44
Language
English
Region
Switzerland
NLM ID
101134359
PMCID
PMC2581518
Subset
IM
Grants
NIDA NIH HHS · R21 DA013475 · United States
NIDA NIH HHS · DA13475 · United States
NIDA NIH HHS · R01 DA005412 · United States
NIDA NIH HHS · DA05412 · United States
NIDA NIH HHS · R01 DA005412-12 · United States
External Links
PubMed source DOI: 10.1159/000057320 PMC Full Text View journal details
Analysis Services
Analysis Services

Contact

No. 2 Wenbo Road, Zhangqiu District, Jinan, Shandong

Qilu Normal University · Genelibs Bioinformatics Lab

750 Shunhua Rd, Jinan

2F, Bldg F, University Science Park

Tel: 0531-88819269

WeChat Official Account

Follow our WeChat subscription account for real-time updates and the latest in medical and biological research.


Business Email

E-mail: [email protected]

Copyright © 2026.Genelibs Jinan Honghui Biotechnology Co., Ltd. 鲁ICP备20007159号-2