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PMID: 12060827 Published · ppublish English Journal Article Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't Review

A model of the development of the brain as a construct of the thyroid system.

Environmental health perspectives ·Vol. 110 Suppl 3 ·2002-06-00 ·Pages 337-48

Howdeshell KL

Abstract

Thyroid hormone is essential for normal brain development. However, little is known about the molecular and cellular mechanisms that mediate thyroid hormone action on the developing brain or the developmental events selectively affected. Consequently, although a large number of environmental chemicals interfere with the thyroid system, there are few neurodevelopmental end points to recruit for toxicological studies. Therefore, my goal here is to review what is known about the relative timing of normal brain construction and thyroid system development, with special focus on the period of in utero development in humans and the comparable developmental period in laboratory rats. These data are presented as a timeline to aid in the identification of thyroid-sensitive end points in brain development and to highlight important data gaps. I discuss the known influence of certain synthetic chemicals on the thyroid system and include a brief review of the effects of developmental exposure to chemicals on thyroid system function. The relationship between the thyroid hormone and retinoic acid systems, as well as the thyroid hormone sensitivity of the developing cochlea, is also discussed.

MeSH Terms
Brain/drug effects,embryology,growth & development Cochlea/drug effects,growth & development Deafness/etiology Embryonic and Fetal Development Endpoint Determination Environmental Exposure Humans Thyroid Gland/drug effects,embryology,growth & development Thyroid Hormones/pharmacology Tretinoin/pharmacology Xenobiotics/adverse effects
Chemicals
Thyroid Hormones Xenobiotics Tretinoin
Authors & Affiliations
1 authors, click to expand affiliations / ORCID
Howdeshell Kembra L
Wildlife and Contaminants Program, World Wildlife Fund, 1250 24th Street NW, Washington, DC 20037-9736, USA. [email protected]
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Article Info
Journal
Environmental health perspectives
Abbr.
Environ Health Perspect
ISSN
0091-6765
DOI
10.1289/ehp.02110s3337
Email
[email protected]
Published
2002-06-00
Pages
337-48
Language
English
Region
United States
NLM ID
0330411
PMCID
PMC1241181
Subset
IM
External Links
PubMed source DOI: 10.1289/ehp.02110s3337 PMC Full Text View journal details
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