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PMID: 12093913 Published · ppublish English Journal Article Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.

Promoter-proximal tethering elements regulate enhancer-promoter specificity in the Drosophila Antennapedia complex.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America ·Vol. 99 ·No. 14 ·2002-07-09 ·Pages 9243-7

Calhoun VC, Stathopoulos A, Levine M

Abstract

Insulator DNAs and promoter competition regulate enhancer-promoter interactions within complex genetic loci. Here we provide evidence for a third mechanism: promoter-proximal tethering elements. The Scr-ftz region of the Antennapedia gene complex includes two known enhancers, AE1 and T1. AE1 selectively interacts with the ftz promoter to maintain pair-rule stripes of ftz expression during gastrulation and germ-band elongation. The T1 enhancer, located 3' of the ftz gene and approximately 25 kb 5' of the Scr promoter, selectively activates Scr expression in the prothorax and posterior head segments. A variety of P element minigenes were examined in transgenic embryos to determine the basis for specific AE1-ftz and T1-Scr interactions. A 450-bp DNA fragment located approximately 100 bp 5' of the Scr transcription start site is essential for T1-Scr interactions and can mediate long-range activation of a ftz/lacZ reporter gene when placed 5' of the ftz promoter. We suggest that the Scr450 fragment contains tethering elements that selectively recruit T1 to the Scr promoter. Tethering elements might regulate enhancer-promoter interactions at other complex genetic loci.

MeSH Terms
Animals Antennapedia Homeodomain Protein DNA/genetics,metabolism Drosophila/embryology,genetics Drosophila Proteins Enhancer Elements, Genetic Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental Genes, Homeobox Genes, Insect Homeodomain Proteins/genetics Multigene Family Nuclear Proteins Promoter Regions, Genetic Transcription Factors
Chemicals
Antennapedia Homeodomain Protein Antp protein, Drosophila Drosophila Proteins Homeodomain Proteins Nuclear Proteins Transcription Factors DNA
Authors & Affiliations
3 authors, click to expand affiliations / ORCID
Calhoun Vincent C
Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Division of Genetics and Development, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
Stathopoulos Angelike
Levine Michael
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Article Info
Journal
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
Abbr.
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A
ISSN
0027-8424
DOI
10.1073/pnas.142291299
Published
2002-07-09
Epub
2002-00-01
Pages
9243-7
Language
English
Region
United States
NLM ID
7505876
PMCID
PMC123125
Subset
IM
Grants
NIGMS NIH HHS · R01 GM034431 · United States
NIGMS NIH HHS · GM 34431 · United States
External Links
PubMed source DOI: 10.1073/pnas.142291299 PMC Full Text View journal details
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