Abstract
We have compared the accuracy, efficiency and robustness of three methods of genotyping single nucleotide polymorphisms on pooled DNAs. We conclude that (i) the frequencies of the two alleles in pools should be corrected with a factor for unequal allelic amplification, which should be estimated from the mean ratio of a set of heterozygotes (k); (ii) the repeatability of an assay is more important than pinpoint accuracy when estimating allele frequencies, and assays should therefore be optimised to increase the repeatability; and (iii) the size of a pool has a relatively small effect on the accuracy of allele frequency estimation. We therefore recommend that large pools are genotyped and replicated a minimum of four times. In addition, we describe statistical approaches to allow rigorous comparison of DNA pool results. Finally, we describe an extension to our ACeDB database that facilitates management and analysis of the data generated by association studies.
MeSH Terms
Automation
Base Sequence
Biotechnology/economics,instrumentation,methods
Chi-Square Distribution
Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid
Databases, Nucleic Acid
Gene Amplification
Gene Frequency
Genetic Markers
Genotype
Humans
Information Storage and Retrieval
Mass Spectrometry
Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide
Reproducibility of Results
Sequence Analysis, DNA/economics,instrumentation,methods
Chemicals
Genetic Markers
Authors & Affiliations
12 authors, click to expand affiliations / ORCID
Le Hellard Stéphanie
Medical Genetics Section, Molecular Medicine Centre, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Crewe Road, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK.
[email protected]
Ballereau Stéphane J
Visscher Peter M
Torrance Helen S
Pinson Jeni
Morris Stewart W
Thomson Marian L
Semple Colin A M
Muir Walter J
Blackwood Douglas H R
Porteous David J
Evans Kathryn L
References (16)
16 references, click to expand
-
High-throughput SNP allele-frequency determination in pooled DNA samples by kinetic PCR.
Genome Res. 2000 Feb;10(2):258-66
PMID: 10673283
-
Genotyping single nucleotide polymorphisms by primer extension and high performance liquid chromatography.
Hum Genet. 1999 Jan;104(1):89-93
PMID: 10071198
-
Searching for genetic determinants in the new millennium.
Nature. 2000 Jun 15;405(6788):847-56
PMID: 10866211
-
Cheap, accurate and rapid allele frequency estimation of single nucleotide polymorphisms by primer extension and DHPLC in DNA pools.
Hum Genet. 2000 Nov;107(5):488-93
PMID: 11140947
-
Precise estimation of allele frequencies of single-nucleotide polymorphisms by a quantitative SSCP analysis of pooled DNA.
Am J Hum Genet. 2001 Jan;68(1):214-8
PMID: 11083945
-
A 6.9-Mb high-resolution BAC/PAC contig of human 4p15.3-p16.1, a candidate region for bipolar affective disorder.
Genomics. 2001 Feb 1;71(3):315-23
PMID: 11170748
-
A map of human genome sequence variation containing 1.42 million single nucleotide polymorphisms.
Nature. 2001 Feb 15;409(6822):928-33
PMID: 11237013
-
High-throughput development and characterization of a genomewide collection of gene-based single nucleotide polymorphism markers by chip-based matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry.
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2001 Jan 16;98(2):581-4
PMID: 11136232
-
Association study designs for complex diseases.
Nat Rev Genet. 2001 Feb;2(2):91-9
PMID: 11253062
-
High-throughput multiplex SNP genotyping with MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry: practice, problems and promise.
Hum Mutat. 2001 Apr;17(4):296-304
PMID: 11295828
-
The impact of genotyping error on family-based analysis of quantitative traits.
Eur J Hum Genet. 2001 Feb;9(2):130-4
PMID: 11313746
-
The effect that genotyping errors have on the robustness of common linkage-disequilibrium measures.
Am J Hum Genet. 2001 Jun;68(6):1447-56
PMID: 11359212
-
Quantitative detection of single nucleotide polymorphisms for a pooled sample by a bioluminometric assay coupled with modified primer extension reactions (BAMPER).
Nucleic Acids Res. 2001 Oct 1;29(19):E93
PMID: 11574695
-
Accessing genetic variation: genotyping single nucleotide polymorphisms.
Nat Rev Genet. 2001 Dec;2(12):930-42
PMID: 11733746
-
Universal, robust, highly quantitative SNP allele frequency measurement in DNA pools.
Hum Genet. 2002 May;110(5):471-8
PMID: 12073018
-
Determining SNP allele frequencies in DNA pools.
Biotechniques. 2000 Mar;28(3):464-6, 468, 470
PMID: 10723558