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PMID: 12371603 Published · ppublish English Journal Article Review

The effects of estrogen replacement therapy on neuropsychological functioning in postmenopausal women with and without dementia: a critical and theoretical review.

Neuropsychology review ·Vol. 12 ·No. 2 ·2002-06-00 ·Pages 65-109

Zec RF, Trivedi MA

Abstract

We review 42 studies examining the effects of estrogen replacement therapy (ERT) on memory and cognition in nondemented postmenopausal women. Although there are an appreciable number of nonsignificant findings, the number of significant findings favoring ERT users considerably outnumbers the rare findings of better performance in controls. Experimental studies demonstrate a consistent beneficial effect on verbal memory, but these are short-term studies of the more acute effects of ERT. The observational studies suggest that there may be a long-lasting effect of continued ERT on cognitive functioning, but these studies need to be interpreted with caution because of the lack of random assignment and a possible "healthy user bias." We also summarize findings from studies on the effects of ERT on Alzheimer's disease (AD). ERT is associated with a decreased risk for dementia, but there is little evidence for a positive effect on cognition in women with AD. Definitive answers to questions about the long-term effects of ERT on cognitive aging and risk of developing AD should be provided by 3 ongoing clinical trials.

MeSH Terms
Aging/psychology Alzheimer Disease/genetics,prevention & control,psychology Apolipoprotein E4 Apolipoproteins E/genetics Brain/drug effects,physiology Cognition/drug effects Dementia/prevention & control,psychology Estrogen Replacement Therapy/adverse effects Female Humans Memory/drug effects Neuropsychological Tests Postmenopause Raloxifene Hydrochloride/therapeutic use Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators/therapeutic use
Chemicals
Apolipoprotein E4 Apolipoproteins E Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators Raloxifene Hydrochloride
Authors & Affiliations
2 authors, click to expand affiliations / ORCID
Zec Ronald F
Department of Neurology, Center for Alzheimer Disease and Related Disorders, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield 62794-9230, USA. [email protected]
Trivedi Mehul A
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Article Info
Journal
Neuropsychology review
Abbr.
Neuropsychol Rev
ISSN
1040-7308
DOI
10.1023/a:1016880127635
Email
[email protected]
Published
2002-06-00
Pages
65-109
Language
English
Region
United States
NLM ID
9009029
Subset
IM
External Links
PubMed source DOI: 10.1023/a:1016880127635 View journal details
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