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PMID: 12428811 Published · ppublish English Journal Article Review

Do apoptotic mechanisms regulate synaptic plasticity and growth-cone motility?

Neuromolecular medicine ·Vol. 2 ·No. 2 ·2002-00-00 ·Pages 197-214

Gilman CP, Mattson MP

Abstract

Signals between neurons are transduced primarily by receptors, and second messenger and kinase cascades, located in pre- and postsynaptic terminals. Such synaptic signaling pathways include those activated by neurotransmitters, cytokines, neurotrophic factors, and cell-adhesion molecules. Many of these signaling systems are also localized in the growth cones of axons and dendrites, where they control pathfinding and synaptogenesis during development. Although it has been known for decades that such signaling pathways can affect the survival of neurons, by promoting or preventing a form of programmed cell death known as apoptosis, we have discovered that apoptotic biochemical cascades can exert local actions on the functions and structural dynamics of growth cones and synapses. In this article, we provide a brief background on apoptotic biochemical cascades, and present examples of studies in this laboratory that have identified novel apoptotic and anti-apoptotic signaling mechanisms that are activated and act locally in synapses, growth cones, and dendrites to modify their structure and function. Apoptotic synaptic cascades that may play roles in neuronal plasticity include activation of caspases that can cleave certain types of ionotropic glutamate-receptor subunits and thereby modify synaptic plasticity. Caspases may also cleave cytoskeletal protein substrates in growth cones of developing neurons and may thereby regulate neurite outgrowth. Par-4 and the tumor-suppressor protein p53 are pro-apoptotic proteins that may also function in synaptic and developmental plasticity. Examples of anti-apoptotic signals that regulate the plasticity of growth cones and synapses include neurotrophic factor-activated kinase cascades, calcium-mediated actin depolymerization, and activation of the transcription factor NF-kappaB. The emerging data strongly suggest that many of the signaling mechanisms that control apoptosis are also involved in regulating the structural and functional plasticity of neuronal circuits under physiological conditions.

MeSH Terms
Animals Apoptosis/physiology Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins Carrier Proteins/metabolism Caspases/metabolism Cell Movement/physiology Growth Cones/metabolism,ultrastructure Humans Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins Neuronal Plasticity/physiology Signal Transduction/physiology Synapses/metabolism,ultrastructure Tumor Suppressor Protein p53/metabolism
Chemicals
Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins Carrier Proteins Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 prostate apoptosis response-4 protein Caspases
Authors & Affiliations
2 authors, click to expand affiliations / ORCID
Gilman Charles P
Laboratory of Neurosciences, National Institute on Aging Gerontology Research Center, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA.
Mattson Mark P
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Article Info
Journal
Neuromolecular medicine
Abbr.
Neuromolecular Med
ISSN
1535-1084
DOI
10.1385/NMM:2:2:197
Published
2002-00-00
Pages
197-214
Language
English
Region
United States
NLM ID
101135365
Subset
IM
External Links
PubMed source DOI: 10.1385/NMM:2:2:197 View journal details
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