Clustering of fibrillin (FBN1) missense mutations in Marfan syndrome patients at cysteine residues in EGF-like domains.

The Marfan syndrome is an autosomal dominant heritable disorder of connective tissue with prominent involvement of the ocular, skeletal, and cardiovascular systems. The gene on chromosome 15 encoding fibrillin (FBN1), a 350-kDa glycoprotein component of the extracellular microfibril, is the site of defect in most, if not all cases. Complementary DNA sequence reveals a gene composed largely of epidermal growth factor-like repeats, each containing six predictably spaced cysteine residues. To date, two FBN1 gene missense mutations have been reported. Here we describe the identification of three new missense mutations in the FBN1 gene in patients with the Marfan syndrome. All of the 5 characterized missense mutations occur within the epidermal growth factor-like repeats of the FBN1 gene. In addition, 4 of 5 involve the substitution of cysteine residues and 3 of 5 substitute the third cysteine in the epidermal growth factor-like motif consensus sequence. These data suggest that defined residues within EGF-like domains of FBN1 have particular significance and, when altered, play a pivotal role in expression of the Marfan phenotype.