Gene therapy for cancer.

Conclusion: The ability to manipulate and insert genes into human cells has opened new possibilities for treating cancer. Initial studies using marker genes have demonstrated the feasibility and safety of using retroviral-mediated transduction for inserting foreign genes into humans. Clinical trials involving the genetic manipulation of both immune T cells and autologous tumor cells have begun and offer the possibility of strengthening preexisting immune reactions to benefit the host. Plans for future treatment approaches, including efforts to develop preventive strategies based on cloning the genes that code for human tumor-associated antigens, are under way.