Is there a role for fluconazole in the treatment of vulvovaginal candidiasis?

To review the data describing the use of fluconazole in the treatment of vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC). A MEDLINE search of the English-language literature and a bibliographic review of pertinent articles examining the use of fluconazole in the treatment of VVC. Relevant open and controlled studies reporting on the efficacy, associated adverse effects, or both of fluconazole for the treatment of VVC are reviewed. Appropriate conclusions and/or data are extracted from each article and described. Studies comparing fluconazole with ketoconazole and topical antifungal agents such as clotrimazole and miconazole have shown fluconazole to be equally efficacious with minimal adverse effects. Most of these trials used single-dose fluconazole, which would theoretically lead to a high degree of medication compliance. Fluconazole also has shown promise at diminishing VVC relapse or recurrence, possibly because of more complete vaginal and rectal eradication of Candida species. Pharmacoeconomically, single-dose fluconazole therapy is cost-effective; however, the recent approval of miconazole and clotrimazole by the Food and Drug Administration for over-the-counter use may limit this potential advantage. Until additional data are available, fluconazole may be considered a treatment alternative for women with VVC who experience frequent relapses or recurrences, or for those who are noncompliant with standard therapy.