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PMID: 15717022 Published · ppublish English Journal Article Review

Cerebrospinal fluid protein biomarkers for Alzheimer's disease.

NeuroRx : the journal of the American Society for Experimental NeuroTherapeutics ·Vol. 1 ·No. 2 ·2004-04-00 ·Pages 213-25

Blennow K

Abstract

The introduction of acetylcholine esterase (AChE) inhibitors as a symptomatic treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD) has made patients seek medical advice at an earlier stage of the disease. This has highlighted the importance of diagnostic markers for early AD. However, there is no clinical method to determine which of the patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) will progress to AD with dementia, and which have a benign form of MCI without progression. In this paper, the performance of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) protein biomarkers for AD is reviewed. The diagnostic performance of the three biomarkers, total tau, phospho-tau, and the 42 amino acid form of beta-amyloid have been evaluated in numerous studies and their ability to identify incipient AD in MCI cases has also been studied. Some candidate AD biomarkers including ubiquitin, neurofilament proteins, growth-associated protein 43 (neuromodulin), and neuronal thread protein (AD7c) show interesting results but have been less extensively studied. It is concluded that CSF biomarkers may have clinical utility in the differentiation between AD and several important differential diagnoses, including normal aging, depression, alcohol dementia, and Parkinson's disease, and also in the identification of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease in cases with rapidly progressive dementia. Early diagnosis of AD is not only of importance to be able to initiate symptomatic treatment with AChE inhibitors, but will be the basis for initiation of treatment with drugs aimed at slowing down or arresting the degenerative process, such as gamma-secretase inhibitors, if these prove to affect AD pathology and to have a clinical effect.

MeSH Terms
Alzheimer Disease/cerebrospinal fluid,diagnosis Biomarkers/cerebrospinal fluid Humans
Chemicals
Biomarkers
Authors & Affiliations
1 authors, click to expand affiliations / ORCID
Blennow Kaj
Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Section of Experimental Neuroscience, The Sahlgrenska Academy at Göteborg University, SE-43180 Göteborg, Sweden. [email protected]
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Article Info
Journal
NeuroRx : the journal of the American Society for Experimental NeuroTherapeutics
Abbr.
NeuroRx
ISSN
1545-5343
DOI
10.1602/neurorx.1.2.213
Email
[email protected]
Published
2004-04-00
Pages
213-25
Language
English
Region
United States
NLM ID
101189456
PMCID
PMC534929
Subset
IM
External Links
PubMed source DOI: 10.1602/neurorx.1.2.213 PMC Full Text
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