Genetic diversity of Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis isolates from goats detected by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis.

Paratuberculosis in goats occurs worldwide causing considerable economic losses mainly due to reduced milk production. Nowadays, there is still relatively little knowledge about the epidemiology of this disease in goats, and only a few epidemiological studies have been carried out in goats naturally infected with Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (M. a. paratuberculosis). The objective of this study was to characterize forty four clinical caprine isolates of M. a. paratuberculosis by different molecular techniques (pulsed-field gel electrophoresis [PFGE], restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis coupled with hybridization to IS900, and IS1311 polymerase chain reaction-restriction enzyme analysis) to determine the most useful technique for molecular typing of caprine isolates, as well as to disclose the genetic variation amongst caprine isolates and the relationship with strains isolated from other animal species. PFGE was found to be the most discriminative technique identifying a total of 13 'multiplex' PFGE profiles, ten of which were novel profiles found only in caprine isolates to date. All isolates were genotyped as Type II strains, except two isolates that resembled the intermediate group referred as Type III.