Home LiteratureArticle Details
PMID: 158761 Published · ppublish English Journal Article

Help and suppression by lymphoid cells as a function of cellular concentration.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America ·Vol. 76 ·No. 7 ·1979-07-00 ·Pages 3507-10

Farrant J, Knight SC

Abstract

The phytohemagglutinin-stimulated uptake of [3H]thymidine in mixtures of human lymphocytes from the same source was shown to depend on the cell concentration in vitro as well as on the period of cultivation. "Helper" and "suppressor" effects were obtained by varying the concentration of cells and the periods of cultivation. The possibility that helper and suppressor subpopulations were responsible was avoided by mixing lymphoid cell line cells with others of the same monoclonal origin. Even under these conditions, both the direction and the extent of activity depended on the same two variables. This weakens the case for postulating the existence of distinct subpopulations of lymphocytes with helper or suppressor properties. This case was based on the use of damaging treatments believed to separate cell populations which were then found to differ in their helper and suppressor properties. We propose instead that the effect of such treatments is mediated through changes in the concentrations of interacting cells. Our data make it clear that the function of lymphoid cells ascertained in one set of conditions need not apply within a different cellular environment.

MeSH Terms
Cell Count Cell Line Humans In Vitro Techniques Lymphocyte Activation Lymphocyte Cooperation Phytohemagglutinins/pharmacology T-Lymphocytes/cytology,immunology T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/cytology,immunology
Chemicals
Phytohemagglutinins
Authors & Affiliations
2 authors, click to expand affiliations / ORCID
Farrant J
Knight S C
References (38)
38 references, click to expand
  1. Competition between concanavalin A-induced stimulatory and inhibitory effects in the in vitro immune response to antigen.
    J Exp Med. 1975 Feb 1;141(2):524-9 PMID: 1078696
  2. Continuous growth of mitogen-reactive B lymphocytes.
    Scand J Immunol. 1975;4(8):853-8 PMID: 1082636
  3. Separation of helper and suppressor T lymphocytes on a ficoll velocity sedimentation gradient.
    J Exp Med. 1976 May 1;143(5):1199-210 PMID: 1083419
  4. Suppressor cells: dependence on assay conditions for functional activity.
    J Exp Med. 1976 May 1;143(5):1211-9 PMID: 1083420
  5. Separation of helper T cells from suppressor T cells expressing different Ly components. I. Polyclonal activation: suppressor and helper activities are inherent properties of distinct T-cell subclasses.
    J Exp Med. 1976 Jun 1;143(6):1382-90 PMID: 1083887
  6. T-cell regulation of antibody responses: demonstration of allotype-specific helper T cells and their specific removal by suppressor T cells.
    J Exp Med. 1976 Aug 1;144(2):330-44 PMID: 1085324
  7. Separation of suppressor and killer T cells by surgace phenotype.
    Nature. 1976 Aug 5;262(5568):495-7 PMID: 1085418
  8. Functional subclasses of T-lymphocytes bearing different Ly antigens. I. The generation of functionally distinct T-cell subclasses is a differentiative process independent of antigen.
    J Exp Med. 1975 Jun 1;141(6):1376-89 PMID: 1092798
  9. Functional subclasses of T lymphocytes bearing different Ly antigens. II. Cooperation between subclasses of Ly+ cells in the generation of killer activity.
    J Exp Med. 1975 Jun 1;141(6):1390-9 PMID: 1092799
  10. Thymus-independent B-cell induction and paralysis.
    Adv Immunol. 1975;21:113-236 PMID: 1096578
  11. Evidence for a B-cell -like helper function in mixed lymphocyte culture between immunocompetent thymus cells.
    J Exp Med. 1975 Feb 1;141(2):360-73 PMID: 123000
  12. Generation of cytotoxic T lymphocytes in vitro. VI. Effect of cell density on response in mixed leukocyte cultures.
    J Immunol. 1975 Dec;115(6):1688-94 PMID: 127012
  13. In vivo responses of alloreactive lymphocytes stimulated in vitro. Helper-cell activity of MLR-primed lymphocytes.
    Scand J Immunol. 1977;6(9):923-932 PMID: 143715
  14. In vivo responses of alloreactive lymphocytes stimulated in vitro. Skin graft rejection mediated by MLR-Primed lymphocytes.
    Scand J Immunol. 1977;6(10):991-6 PMID: 144314
  15. Restimulation of cytolytic T-lymphocytes in long-term mixed leukocyte cultures. 1. Physical and proliferative characteristics of cytolytic T-lymphocytes restimulated at low cell density.
    Cell Immunol. 1978 Feb;35(2):414-26 PMID: 145901
  16. Separation of helper and suppressor T lymphocytes. III. Positive and negative effects of mixed lymphocyte reaction-activated T cells.
    J Immunol. 1978 Apr;120(4):1149-52 PMID: 147904
  17. Positive and negative allogeneic effects mediated by MLR-primed lymphocytes: quantitation by limiting dilution analysis.
    J Immunol. 1978 Sep;121(3):1082-9 PMID: 151116
  18. Sequential proliferation induced in human peripheral blood lymphocytes by mitogen. I. Growth of 1000 lymphocytes in feeder layer cultures.
    J Immunol. 1977 May;118(5):1763-7 PMID: 300758
  19. Functional analysis of two human T-cell subpopulations: help and suppression of B-cell responses by T cells bearing receptors for IgM or IgG.
    J Exp Med. 1977 Jul 1;146(1):184-200 PMID: 301544
  20. Growth and maturation of single clones of normal murine T and B lymphocytes in vitro.
    Cold Spring Harb Symp Quant Biol. 1977;41 Pt 1:227-36 PMID: 302189
  21. Regulation of cellular and humoral immune responses by T-cell subclasses.
    Cold Spring Harb Symp Quant Biol. 1977;41 Pt 1:23-32 PMID: 302190
  22. Is the adherent, non-specific 'suppressor' cell from rodent spleens an in vitro artefact?
    Clin Exp Immunol. 1978 Jun;32(3):466-70 PMID: 308422
  23. Stimulation of murine B lymphocytes to IgG synthesis and secretion by the mitogens lipopolysaccharide and lipoprotein and its inhibition by anti-immunoglobulin antibodies.
    Eur J Immunol. 1978 May;8(5):336-43 PMID: 308453
  24. Effects of cell concentration and exogenous prostaglandin on the interaction and responsiveness of human peripheral blood leukocytes.
    Clin Immunol Immunopathol. 1979 Feb;12(2):150-61 PMID: 311263
  25. Negative allogeneic effects in vitro. I. Allogeneic T cells markedly suppress the secondary antibody-forming cell response.
    J Immunol. 1977 Jun;118(6):2262-8 PMID: 325144
  26. Synergistic response between thymus and lymph node cells in the mixed lymphocyte culture.
    Nature. 1974 Feb 8;247(5440):371-3 PMID: 4274156
  27. Regulatory mechanisms in cell-mediated immune responses. I. Regulation of mixed lymphocyte reactions by alloantigen-activated thymus-derived lymphocytes.
    J Exp Med. 1974 Dec 1;140(6):1588-603 PMID: 4279271
  28. Quantitative studies on tissue transplantation immunity. VII. The normal lymphocyte transfer reaction.
    Proc R Soc Lond B Biol Sci. 1966 Sep 13;165(1000):281-307 PMID: 4380527
  29. Demonstration of suppressor T cells in a population of 'educated' T cells.
    Nature. 1974 Mar 15;248(445):236-8 PMID: 4594644
  30. Radioresistance of the enhancing effect of cells from carrier-immunized mice in an in vitro primary immune response.
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1971 Apr;68(4):699-703 PMID: 4927671
  31. Effect of connective tissue intercellular matrix on lymphocyte stimulation.
    Exp Cell Res. 1971 May;66(1):113-23 PMID: 5104191
  32. Lymphocyte transformation in vitro. I. Tissue culture conditions and quantitative measurements.
    Clin Exp Immunol. 1968 Jul;3(6):571-84 PMID: 5700693
  33. Suppression of the generation of human con A-induced cytotoxic effector cells by con A-activated suppressor cells.
    J Immunol. 1978 Jun;120(6):1828-31 PMID: 659878
  34. Comparing stimulation of lymphocytes in different samples: separate effects of numbers of responding cells and their capacity to respond.
    J Immunol Methods. 1978;22(1-2):63-71 PMID: 670730
  35. A suppressor T cell in the human mixed lymphocyte reaction.
    J Exp Med. 1977 Aug 1;146(2):368-80 PMID: 68998
  36. Depressed T-cell reactivity and suppressor activity of lymoid cells from cyclophosphamide-treated mice.
    Cell Immunol. 1976 Jun 15;24(2):308-17 PMID: 779975
  37. Sequential proliferation induced in human peripheral blood lymphocytes by mitogen. II. Suppression by PHA-activated cells.
    J Immunol. 1977 May;118(5):1768-73 PMID: 870562
  38. Responses of alloantigen-primed lymphocytes in vitro. The contribution of increased frequencies of responding lymphocytes to differences between reactivity of normal and primed lymphocyte populations.
    Scand J Immunol. 1977;6(6-7):625-33 PMID: 905773
Article Info
Journal
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
Abbr.
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A
ISSN
0027-8424
DOI
10.1073/pnas.76.7.3507
Published
1979-07-00
Pages
3507-10
Language
English
Region
United States
NLM ID
7505876
PMCID
PMC383856
Subset
IM
External Links
PubMed source DOI: 10.1073/pnas.76.7.3507 PMC Full Text View journal details
Analysis Services
Analysis Services

Contact

No. 2 Wenbo Road, Zhangqiu District, Jinan, Shandong

Qilu Normal University · Genelibs Bioinformatics Lab

750 Shunhua Rd, Jinan

2F, Bldg F, University Science Park

Tel: 0531-88819269

WeChat Official Account

Follow our WeChat subscription account for real-time updates and the latest in medical and biological research.


Business Email

E-mail: [email protected]

Copyright © 2026.Genelibs Jinan Honghui Biotechnology Co., Ltd. 鲁ICP备20007159号-2