Transcriptional organization and expression of the large hrp gene cluster of Pseudomonas solanacearum.

Cloning and localized mutagenesis of the larger cluster of hrp genes of Pseudomonas solanacearum strain GMI1000 allowed the definition of the borders of this cluster, which now extends about 2 kb to the left of the insert of the previously described plasmid pVir2 (Boucher et al. 1987, J. Bacteriol. 169:5626-5632). The size of the cluster has also been expanded 3 kb to the right to include a region previously described as dsp; our present data demonstrate that insertions occurring in these 3 kb lead to leaky mutations affecting both pathogenicity on tomato and ability to induce the hypersensitive response (HR) on tobacco. Therefore, the size of the entire hrp gene cluster is estimated to be about 22 kb. The use of transposon Tn5-B20, which promotes transcriptional gene fusions, allowed us to demonstrate that the hrp gene cluster is organized in a minimum of six transcriptional units, which are transcribed when the culture is grown in minimal medium but are repressed during growth in rich medium or in the presence of peptone or Casamino Acids. The level of expression in minimal medium is modulated by the carbon source provided; pyruvate is the best inducer. Under these conditions the level of expression observed in vitro appears to be representative of the actual expression observed in planta.