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PMID: 16339806 Published · ppublish English Journal Article Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.

Genome analysis and functional characterization of the E2 and RING-type E3 ligase ubiquitination enzymes of Arabidopsis.

Plant physiology ·Vol. 139 ·No. 4 ·2005-12-00 ·Pages 1597-611

Kraft E, Stone SL, Ma L, Su N, Gao Y, Lau OS, Deng XW, Callis J

Abstract

Attachment of ubiquitin to substrate proteins is catalyzed by the three enzymes E1, E2 (ubiquitin conjugating [UBC]), and E3 (ubiquitin ligase). Forty-one functional proteins with a UBC domain and active-site cysteine are predicted in the Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) genome, which includes four that are predicted or shown to function with ubiquitin-like proteins. Only nine were previously characterized biochemically as ubiquitin E2s. We obtained soluble protein for 22 of the 28 uncharacterized UBCs after expression in Escherichia coli and demonstrated that 16 function as ubiquitin E2s. Twelve, plus three previously characterized ubiquitin E2s, were also tested for the ability to catalyze ubiquitination in vitro in the presence of one of 65 really interesting new gene (RING) E3 ligases. UBC22, UBC19-20, and UBC1-6 had variable levels of E3-independent activity. Six UBCs were inactive with all RINGs tested. Closely related UBC8, 10, 11, and 28 were active with the largest number of RING E3s and with all RING types. Expression analysis was performed to determine whether E2s or E3s were expressed in specific organs or under specific environmental conditions. Closely related E2s show unique patterns of expression and most express ubiquitously. Some RING E3s are also ubiquitously expressed; however, others show organ-specific expression. Of all the organs tested, RING mRNAs are most abundant in floral organs. This study demonstrates that E2 diversity includes examples with broad and narrow specificity toward RINGs, and that most ubiquitin E2s are broadly expressed with each having a unique spatial and developmental pattern of expression.

MeSH Terms
Arabidopsis/enzymology,genetics Gene Expression Profiling Genome, Plant Molecular Sequence Data Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis Phylogeny Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases/classification,genetics,metabolism
Chemicals
Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases
Authors & Affiliations
8 authors, click to expand affiliations / ORCID
Kraft Edward
Section of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Division of Biological Sciences , University of California, Davis, California 95616, USA.
Stone Sophia L
Ma Lingeng
Su Ning
Gao Ying
Lau On-Sun
Deng Xing-Wang
Callis Judy
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Article Info
Journal
Plant physiology
Abbr.
Plant Physiol
ISSN
0032-0889
DOI
10.1104/pp.105.067983
Published
2005-12-00
Pages
1597-611
Language
English
Region
United States
NLM ID
0401224
PMCID
PMC1310545
Subset
IM
Grants
NIGMS NIH HHS · GM0007377-27 · United States
Databases
GENBANK
DQ027017, DQ027018, DQ027019, DQ027020, DQ027021, DQ027022, DQ027023, DQ027024, DQ027025, DQ027026, DQ027027, DQ027028, DQ027029, DQ027030, DQ027031, DQ027032, DQ027033, DQ027034, DQ027035, DQ027036, DQ027037, DQ027038, DQ027039, DQ027040, DQ027041, DQ027042, DQ027043, DQ027044, DQ027045, DQ027046, DQ027047, DQ027048, DQ027049, DQ027050
External Links
PubMed source DOI: 10.1104/pp.105.067983 PMC Full Text View journal details
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