Home LiteratureArticle Details
PMID: 16593860 Published · ppublish English Journal Article

Plant defense genes are regulated by ethylene.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America ·Vol. 84 ·No. 15 ·1987-08-00 ·Pages 5202-6

Ecker JR, Davis RW

Abstract

One of the earliest detectable events during plant-pathogen interaction is a rapid increase in ethylene biosynthesis. This gaseous plant stress hormone may be a signal for plants to activate defense mechanisms against invading pathogens such as bacteria, fungi, and viruses. The effect of ethylene on four plant genes involved in three separate plant defense response pathways was examined; these included (i and ii) genes that encode L-phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (EC 4.3.1.5) and 4-coumarate:CoA ligase [4-coumarate:CoA ligase (AMP-forming), EC 6.2.1.12], enzymes of the phenylpropanoid pathway, (iii) the gene encoding chalcone synthase, an enzyme of the flavonoid glycoside pathway, and (iv) the genes encoding hydroxyproline-rich glycoprotein, a major protein component(s) of plant cell walls. Blot hybridization analysis of mRNA from ethylene-treated carrot roots reveals marked increases in the levels of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase mRNA, 4-coumarate CoA ligase mRNA, chalcone synthase mRNA, and certain hydroxyproline-rich glycoprotein transcripts. The effect of ethylene on hydroxyproline-rich glycoprotein mRNA accumulation was different from that of wounding. Ethylene induces two hydroxyproline-rich glycoprotein mRNAs (1.8 and 4.0 kilobases), whereas wounding of carrot root leads to accumulation of an additional hydroxyproline-rich mRNA (1.5 kilobases). These results indicate that at least two distinct signals, ethylene and a wound signal, can affect the expression of plant defense-response genes.

Authors & Affiliations
2 authors, click to expand affiliations / ORCID
Ecker J R
Department of Biochemistry, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305.
Davis R W
References (37)
37 references, click to expand
  1. Elicitor rapidly induces chalcone synthase mRNA in Phaseolus vulgaris cells at the onset of the phytoalexin defense response.
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1984 Sep;81(18):5724-8 PMID: 16593513
  2. Rapid activation by fungal elicitor of genes encoding "pathogenesis-related" proteins in cultured parsley cells.
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1986 Apr;83(8):2427-30 PMID: 16593684
  3. Cell Surfaces in Plant-Microorganism Interactions : III. In Vivo Effect of Ethylene on Hydroxyproline-Rich Glycoprotein Accumulation in the Cell Wall of Diseased Plants.
    Plant Physiol. 1982 Jul;70(1):82-6 PMID: 16662485
  4. Potentiating effect of pure oxygen on the enhancement of respiration by ethylene in plant storage organs: a comparative study.
    Plant Physiol. 1982 May;69(5):1031-5 PMID: 16662339
  5. Hydroxyproline-rich bacterial agglutinin from potato : extraction, purification, and characterization.
    Plant Physiol. 1982 Nov;70(5):1353-8 PMID: 16662679
  6. Cell Surfaces in Plant-Microorganism Interactions : IV. Fungal Glycopeptides Which Elicit the Synthesis of Ethylene in Plants.
    Plant Physiol. 1984 Aug;75(4):1133-8 PMID: 16663747
  7. Cell Surfaces in Plant-Microorganism Interactions: II. Evidence for the Accumulation of Hydroxyproline-rich Glycoproteins in the Cell Wall of Diseased Plants as a Defense Mechanism.
    Plant Physiol. 1979 Aug;64(2):320-6 PMID: 16660957
  8. The induction of ethylene production from pear cell culture by cell wall fragments.
    Plant Physiol. 1986 Jul;81(3):929-30 PMID: 16664928
  9. Differential control of ethylene-induced gene expression and respiration in carrot roots.
    Plant Physiol. 1985 Mar;77(3):753-7 PMID: 16664129
  10. Cell surfaces in plant-microorganism interactions : v. Elicitors of fungal and of plant origin trigger the synthesis of ethylene and of cell wall hydroxyproline-rich glycoprotein in plants.
    Plant Physiol. 1985 Mar;77(3):700-4 PMID: 16664121
  11. Cross-linking patterns in salt-extractable extensin from carrot cell walls.
    Plant Physiol. 1986 May;81(1):234-41 PMID: 16664781
  12. Cell Surfaces in Plant-Microorganism Interactions : VI. Elicitors of Ethylene from Colletotrichum lagenarium Trigger Chitinase Activity in Melon Plants.
    Plant Physiol. 1986 May;81(1):228-33 PMID: 16664780
  13. Responses of cultured parsley cells to elicitors from phytopathogenic fungi : timing and dose dependency of elicitor-induced reactions.
    Plant Physiol. 1986 May;81(1):216-21 PMID: 16664778
  14. Ethylene regulation of gene expression in carrots.
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1982 Jul;79(13):4060-3 PMID: 16593207
  15. Analysis of single- and double-stranded nucleic acids on polyacrylamide and agarose gels by using glyoxal and acridine orange.
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1977 Nov;74(11):4835-8 PMID: 73185
  16. Induction of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase and 4-coumarate:CoA ligase mRNAs in cultured plant cells by UV light or fungal elicitor.
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1984 Feb;81(4):1102-6 PMID: 16593418
  17. Rapid transient induction of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase mRNA in elicitor-treated bean cells.
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1985 Oct;82(20):6731-5 PMID: 16593613
  18. Accumulation of hydroxyproline-rich glycoprotein mRNAs in response to fungal elicitor and infection.
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1985 Oct;82(19):6551-5 PMID: 16593612
  19. Isolation and characterization of cDNA clones for carrot extensin and a proline-rich 33-kDa protein.
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1985 Jul;82(13):4399-403 PMID: 16593579
  20. Cell Surfaces in Plant-Microorganism Interactions: I. A Structural Investigation of Cell Wall Hydroxyproline-rich Glycoproteins Which Accumulate in Fungus-infected Plants.
    Plant Physiol. 1979 Aug;64(2):314-9 PMID: 16660956
  21. Comparative effects of ethylene and cyanide on respiration, polysome prevalence, and gene expression in carrot roots.
    Plant Physiol. 1984 Jun;75(2):342-8 PMID: 16663623
  22. Interaction of a hydroxyproline-rich glycoprotein from tobacco callus with potential pathogens.
    Plant Physiol. 1982 Aug;70(2):401-5 PMID: 16662504
  23. Co-ordinated synthesis of phytoalexin biosynthetic enzymes in biologically-stressed cells of bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.).
    EMBO J. 1985 Feb;4(2):285-9 PMID: 16453604
  24. Mutagenesis of cultured plant cells.
    Genetics. 1976 Sep;84(1):51-7 PMID: 17248732
  25. An extracellular matrix protein in plants: characterization of a genomic clone for carrot extensin.
    EMBO J. 1985 Sep;4(9):2145-51 PMID: 15938047
  26. Ethylene-regulated gene expression: molecular cloning of the genes encoding an endochitinase from Phaseolus vulgaris.
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1986 Sep;83(18):6820-4 PMID: 2428042
  27. Signal exchange in plant-microbe interactions.
    Microbiol Rev. 1986 Jun;50(2):193-225 PMID: 3523189
  28. Transcriptional activation of plant defense genes by fungal elicitor, wounding, and infection.
    Mol Cell Biol. 1987 Jan;7(1):335-41 PMID: 3561393
  29. Rapid induction of specific mRNAs by auxin in pea epicotyl tissue.
    J Mol Biol. 1985 May 5;183(1):53-68 PMID: 4009721
  30. Metabolic changes in elicitor-treated bean cells. Enzymic responses associated with rapid changes in cell wall components.
    Eur J Biochem. 1985 May 2;148(3):571-8 PMID: 3996395
  31. A technique for radiolabeling DNA restriction endonuclease fragments to high specific activity.
    Anal Biochem. 1983 Jul 1;132(1):6-13 PMID: 6312838
  32. Lambda replacement vectors carrying polylinker sequences.
    J Mol Biol. 1983 Nov 15;170(4):827-42 PMID: 6315951
  33. Structure and function of the primary cell walls of plants.
    Annu Rev Biochem. 1984;53:625-63 PMID: 6383202
  34. Mechanisms of induced resistance in plants.
    Annu Rev Microbiol. 1983;37:51-79 PMID: 6357059
  35. Phytoalexins: enzymology and molecular biology.
    Adv Enzymol Relat Areas Mol Biol. 1983;55:1-136 PMID: 6353887
  36. Diazotizable arylamine cellulose papers for the coupling and hybridization of nucleic acids.
    Nucleic Acids Res. 1982 Mar 11;10(5):1799-810 PMID: 7071022
  37. Differential induction of chalcone synthase mRNA activity at the onset of phytoalexin accumulation in compatible and incompatible plant-pathogen interactions.
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1984 Jun;81(11):3384-8 PMID: 16593471
Article Info
Journal
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
Abbr.
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A
ISSN
0027-8424
DOI
10.1073/pnas.84.15.5202
Published
1987-08-00
Pages
5202-6
Language
English
Region
United States
NLM ID
7505876
PMCID
PMC298822
External Links
PubMed source DOI: 10.1073/pnas.84.15.5202 PMC Full Text View journal details
Analysis Services
Analysis Services

Contact

No. 2 Wenbo Road, Zhangqiu District, Jinan, Shandong

Qilu Normal University · Genelibs Bioinformatics Lab

750 Shunhua Rd, Jinan

2F, Bldg F, University Science Park

Tel: 0531-88819269

WeChat Official Account

Follow our WeChat subscription account for real-time updates and the latest in medical and biological research.


Business Email

E-mail: [email protected]

Copyright © 2026.Genelibs Jinan Honghui Biotechnology Co., Ltd. 鲁ICP备20007159号-2