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PMID: 17055150 Published · ppublish English Journal Article Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

The evolution and genomic landscape of CGB1 and CGB2 genes.

Molecular and cellular endocrinology ·Vol. 260-262 ·2007-01-02 ·Pages 2-11

Hallast P, Rull K, Laan M

Abstract

The origin of completely novel proteins is a significant question in evolution. The luteinizing hormone (LHB)/chorionic gonadotropin (CGB) gene cluster in humans contains a candidate example of this process. Two genes in this cluster (CGB1 and CGB2) exhibit nucleotide sequence similarity with the other LHB/CGB genes, but as a result of frameshifting are predicted to encode a completely novel protein. Our analysis of these genes from humans and related primates indicates a recent origin in the lineage specific to humans and African great apes. While the function of these genes is not yet known, they are strongly conserved between human and chimpanzee and exhibit three-fold lower diversity than LHB across human populations with no mutations that would disrupt the coding sequence. The 5'-upstream region of CGB1/2 contains most of the promoter sequence of hCGbeta plus a novel region proximal to the putative transcription start site. In silico prediction of putative transcription factor binding sites supports the hypothesis that CGB1 and CGB2 gene products are expressed in, and may contribute to, implantation and placental development.

MeSH Terms
Animals Base Sequence Binding Sites Chorionic Gonadotropin, beta Subunit, Human/genetics Codon, Nonsense/genetics Conserved Sequence Embryo Implantation/genetics Evolution, Molecular Exons/genetics Genome/genetics Genomics Hominidae/genetics Humans Introns/genetics Luteinizing Hormone/genetics Molecular Sequence Data Placenta/embryology Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide/genetics Promoter Regions, Genetic/genetics Transcription Factors/metabolism
Chemicals
Chorionic Gonadotropin, beta Subunit, Human Codon, Nonsense Transcription Factors Luteinizing Hormone
Authors & Affiliations
3 authors, click to expand affiliations / ORCID
Hallast Pille
Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Tartu, Riia 23, 51010 Tartu, Estonia.
Rull Kristiina
Laan Maris
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Article Info
Journal
Molecular and cellular endocrinology
Abbr.
Mol Cell Endocrinol
ISSN
0303-7207
DOI
10.1016/j.mce.2005.11.049
Published
2007-01-02
Epub
2006-00-19
Pages
2-11
Language
English
Region
Ireland
NLM ID
7500844
PMCID
PMC2599907
Subset
IM
Grants
Wellcome Trust · United Kingdom
Wellcome Trust · 070191 · United Kingdom
Wellcome Trust · 070191/Z/03/Z · United Kingdom
External Links
PubMed source DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2005.11.049 PMC Full Text View journal details
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