Preservation of outer retina and its synaptic connectivity following subretinal injections of human RPE cells in the Royal College of Surgeons rat.

We have examined how transplantation of an RPE cell line to the subretinal space of RCS rats affects the distribution of synaptic connectivity markers in the outer plexiform layer of the retina. Using markers of pre- and post-synaptic profiles (bassoon and synaptophysin as presynaptic markers and mGluR6 for postsynaptic profiles) we found that the normal orderly patterns seen between photoreceptors and rod and ON-cone bipolar cells were severely disrupted in dystrophic rats. In areas in which injected cells preserved photoreceptors, more normally appearing pairing of pre- and post-synaptic markers was seen for both rods and cones. The degree of normality correlated with the amount of photoreceptor rescue. The secondary changes that are normally seen in bipolar and horizontal cells were prevented by the photoreceptor preservation. ERG recordings in the animals subsequently studied morphologically showed that both a- and b-waves could be rescued by grafting, albeit with lower amplitudes than normal. Together these anatomical and physiological studies indicate that besides the integrity of outer nuclear layer cells and phototransduction processes, relay circuitry through the outer retina was rescued by cell grafts.