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PMID: 18503639 Published · ppublish English Journal Article Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't Review

Autophagy and viral neurovirulence.

Cellular microbiology ·Vol. 10 ·No. 9 ·2008-09-00 ·Pages 1747-56

Orvedahl A, Levine B

Abstract

As terminally differentiated vital cells, neurons may be specialized to fight viral infections without undergoing cellular self-destruction. The cellular lysosomal degradation pathway, autophagy, is emerging as one such mechanism of neuronal antiviral defence. Autophagy has diverse physiological functions, such as cellular adaptation to stress, routine organelle and protein turnover, and innate immunity against intracellular pathogens, including viruses. Most of the in vivo evidence for an antiviral role of autophagy is related to viruses that specifically target neurons, including the prototype alphavirus, Sindbis virus, and the alpha-herpesvirus, herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1). In the case of HSV-1, viral evasion of autophagy is essential for lethal encephalitis. As basal autophagy is important in preventing neurodegeneration, and induced autophagy is important in promoting cellular survival during stress, viral antagonism of autophagy in neurons may lead to neuronal dysfunction and/or neuronal cell death. This review provides background information on the roles of autophagy in immunity and neuroprotection, and then discusses the relationships between autophagy and viral neurovirulence.

MeSH Terms
Alphavirus Infections/immunology,pathology,virology Animals Autophagy Encephalitis, Viral/immunology,pathology,virology Herpes Simplex/immunology,pathology,virology Herpesvirus 1, Human/immunology,pathogenicity Humans Immunity, Innate Neurodegenerative Diseases/immunology,pathology,virology Neurons/immunology,ultrastructure,virology Sindbis Virus/immunology,pathogenicity Virulence/immunology
Authors & Affiliations
2 authors, click to expand affiliations / ORCID
Orvedahl Anthony
Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA.
Levine Beth
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Article Info
Journal
Cellular microbiology
Abbr.
Cell Microbiol
ISSN
1462-5822
DOI
10.1111/j.1462-5822.2008.01175.x
Published
2008-09-00
Epub
2008-00-22
Pages
1747-56
Language
English
Region
England
NLM ID
100883691
PMCID
PMC2737270
Subset
IM
Grants
NIAID NIH HHS · R01 AI051367 · United States
NIAID NIH HHS · R01 AI051367-06 · United States
PHS HHS · R01 A10151367 · United States
PHS HHS · T32 A1007520 · United States
External Links
PubMed source DOI: 10.1111/j.1462-5822.2008.01175.x PMC Full Text View journal details
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