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PMID: 18541825 Published · ppublish English Journal Article Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural

25-hydroxyvitamin D and risk of myocardial infarction in men: a prospective study.

Archives of internal medicine ·Vol. 168 ·No. 11 ·2008-06-09 ·Pages 1174-80

Giovannucci E, Liu Y, Hollis BW, Rimm EB

Abstract

Vitamin D deficiency may be involved in the development of atherosclerosis and coronary heart disease in humans. We assessed prospectively whether plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH]D) concentrations are associated with risk of coronary heart disease. A nested case-control study was conducted in 18,225 men in the Health Professionals Follow-up Study; the men were aged 40 to 75 years and were free of diagnosed cardiovascular disease at blood collection. The blood samples were returned between April 1, 1993, and November 30, 1999; 99% were received between April 1, 1993, and November 30, 1995. During 10 years of follow-up, 454 men developed nonfatal myocardial infarction or fatal coronary heart disease. Using risk set sampling, controls (n = 900) were selected in a 2:1 ratio and matched for age, date of blood collection, and smoking status. After adjustment for matched variables, men deficient in 25(OH)D (<or=15 ng/mL [to convert to nanomoles per liter, multiply by 2.496]) were at increased risk for MI compared with those considered to be sufficient in 25(OH)D (>or=30 ng/mL) (relative risk [RR], 2.42; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.53-3.84; P < .001 for trend). After additional adjustment for family history of myocardial infarction, body mass index, alcohol consumption, physical activity, history of diabetes mellitus and hypertension, ethnicity, region, marine omega-3 intake, low- and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels, and triglyceride levels, this relationship remained significant (RR, 2.09; 95% CI, 1.24-3.54; P = .02 for trend). Even men with intermediate 25(OH)D levels were at elevated risk relative to those with sufficient 25(OH)D levels (22.6-29.9 ng/mL: RR, 1.60 [95% CI, 1.10-2.32]; and 15.0-22.5 ng/mL: RR, 1.43 [95% CI, 0.96-2.13], respectively). Low levels of 25(OH)D are associated with higher risk of myocardial infarction in a graded manner, even after controlling for factors known to be associated with coronary artery disease.

MeSH Terms
Adult Aged Anthropometry Case-Control Studies Humans Logistic Models Male Middle Aged Myocardial Infarction/blood Prospective Studies Risk Factors Surveys and Questionnaires Vitamin D/blood
Chemicals
Vitamin D
Authors & Affiliations
4 authors, click to expand affiliations / ORCID
Giovannucci Edward
Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, 665 Huntington Ave, Boston, MA 02115, USA. [email protected]
Liu Yan
Hollis Bruce W
Rimm Eric B
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Article Info
Journal
Archives of internal medicine
Abbr.
Arch Intern Med
ISSN
1538-3679
DOI
10.1001/archinte.168.11.1174
Email
[email protected]
Published
2008-06-09
Pages
1174-80
Language
English
Region
United States
NLM ID
0372440
PMCID
PMC3719391
Subset
IM
Grants
NCI NIH HHS · P01 CA055075 · United States
NHLBI NIH HHS · R01 HL035464 · United States
NCI NIH HHS · P01CA055075 · United States
Corrections
CommentIn
PMID: 19237728
External Links
PubMed source DOI: 10.1001/archinte.168.11.1174 PMC Full Text
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