Properties of a baboon lymphotropic herpesvirus related to Epstein-Barr virus.

Three lymphoblastoid cell lines were established from splenic lymphocytes of a lymphomatous baboon (Papio hamadryas) by co-cultivation of the lymphocytes with X-irradiated cells of marmoset or baboon lymphoblastoid cell cultures; the baboon splenic lymphocytes failed to grow when cultured alone. A herpesvirus, associated with each cell line, was identified by immunofluorescence, molecular hybridization and electron microscopy. Antigenic comparison with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) showed that the baboon herpesvirus and EBV shared cross-reacting viral capsid antigens (VCA): 20 of 20 (100%) anti-VCA (EBV)-positive human sera and 55 of 62 (89%) baboon sera reacted with the baboon lymphoblastoid cells and baboon sera stained EBV VCA in P3HR-1 and EB-3 cells. No nuclear antigen, as assayed by anti-complement immunofluorescence tests, was detected in baboon lymphoblastoid cells when human or baboon anti-VCA positive sera were used. Baboon anti-VCA-positive sera also failed to stain EBV nuclear antigens (EBNA) in Raji or P3HR-1 cells. Preliminary molecular hybridization studies showed only approximately 40% homology between viral DNA of baboon cell lines and DNA of EBV derived from P3HR-1 cells.