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PMID: 19833208 Published · ppublish English Journal Article Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't Review

Inflammation, microglia, and Alzheimer's disease.

Neurobiology of disease ·Vol. 37 ·No. 3 ·2010-03-00 ·Pages 503-9

Cameron B, Landreth GE

Abstract

Microglia are the brain's tissue macrophage and representative of the innate immune system. These cells normally provide tissue maintenance and immune surveillance of the brain. In the Alzheimer's disease brain, amyloid deposition provokes the phenotypic activation of microglia and their elaboration of proinflammatory molecules. Recent work has implicated Toll-like receptors in microglial recognition and response to amyloid fibrils. It is now evident that these cells exhibit more complex and heterogeneous phenotypes than previously appreciated that reflect both the plasticity of cells in this lineage and their ability to transition between activation states. The phenotypic diversity is associated with inactivation of the inflammatory response and tissue repair. We discuss recent evidence that the brain can be infiltrated by circulating monocytes in the diseased brain and that these cells may comprise a unique subpopulation of myeloid cells that may be functionally distinct from the endogenous microglia.

MeSH Terms
Alzheimer Disease/immunology,physiopathology Brain/immunology,physiopathology Cell Differentiation/immunology Cell Lineage/immunology Chemotaxis, Leukocyte/immunology Encephalitis/immunology,physiopathology Humans Microglia/immunology Monocytes/immunology Plaque, Amyloid/immunology Toll-Like Receptors/physiology
Chemicals
Toll-Like Receptors
Authors & Affiliations
2 authors, click to expand affiliations / ORCID
Cameron Brent
Alzheimer Research Laboratory, Department of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Ave., Cleveland, OH 44106, USA.
Landreth Gary E
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Article Info
Journal
Neurobiology of disease
Abbr.
Neurobiol Dis
ISSN
1095-953X
DOI
10.1016/j.nbd.2009.10.006
Published
2010-03-00
Epub
2009-00-13
Pages
503-9
Language
English
Region
United States
NLM ID
9500169
PMCID
PMC2823849
Subset
IM
Grants
NIA NIH HHS · R21 AG029926 · United States
NIA NIH HHS · R01 AG016740 · United States
NIA NIH HHS · R01 AG030482-03S1 · United States
NIA NIH HHS · R01 AG030482-03 · United States
NIA NIH HHS · R21 AG029926-01 · United States
NIA NIH HHS · R01 AG016740-09 · United States
NIA NIH HHS · AG030482 · United States
NIA NIH HHS · AG16740 · United States
NIA NIH HHS · R01 AG030482 · United States
NIGMS NIH HHS · T32 GM007250 · United States
External Links
PubMed source DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2009.10.006 PMC Full Text View journal details
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