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PMID: 21873232 Published · ppublish English Journal Article Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

Microbe domestication and the identification of the wild genetic stock of lager-brewing yeast.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America ·Vol. 108 ·No. 35 ·2011-08-30 ·Pages 14539-44

Libkind D, Hittinger CT, Valério E, Gonçalves C, Dover J, Johnston M, Gonçalves P, Sampaio JP

Abstract

Domestication of plants and animals promoted humanity's transition from nomadic to sedentary lifestyles, demographic expansion, and the emergence of civilizations. In contrast to the well-documented successes of crop and livestock breeding, processes of microbe domestication remain obscure, despite the importance of microbes to the production of food, beverages, and biofuels. Lager-beer, first brewed in the 15th century, employs an allotetraploid hybrid yeast, Saccharomyces pastorianus (syn. Saccharomyces carlsbergensis), a domesticated species created by the fusion of a Saccharomyces cerevisiae ale-yeast with an unknown cryotolerant Saccharomyces species. We report the isolation of that species and designate it Saccharomyces eubayanus sp. nov. because of its resemblance to Saccharomyces bayanus (a complex hybrid of S. eubayanus, Saccharomyces uvarum, and S. cerevisiae found only in the brewing environment). Individuals from populations of S. eubayanus and its sister species, S. uvarum, exist in apparent sympatry in Nothofagus (Southern beech) forests in Patagonia, but are isolated genetically through intrinsic postzygotic barriers, and ecologically through host-preference. The draft genome sequence of S. eubayanus is 99.5% identical to the non-S. cerevisiae portion of the S. pastorianus genome sequence and suggests specific changes in sugar and sulfite metabolism that were crucial for domestication in the lager-brewing environment. This study shows that combining microbial ecology with comparative genomics facilitates the discovery and preservation of wild genetic stocks of domesticated microbes to trace their history, identify genetic changes, and suggest paths to further industrial improvement.

MeSH Terms
Amino Acid Sequence Base Sequence Classification Ecology Molecular Sequence Data Saccharomyces cerevisiae/classification,genetics
Authors & Affiliations
8 authors, click to expand affiliations / ORCID
Libkind Diego
Laboratorio de Microbiología Aplicada y Biotecnología, Instituto de Investigaciones en Biodiversidad y Medio-ambiente, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas-Universidad Nacional del Comahue, 8400 Bariloche, Argentina.
Hittinger Chris Todd
Valério Elisabete
Gonçalves Carla
Dover Jim
Johnston Mark
Gonçalves Paula
Sampaio José Paulo
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Article Info
Journal
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
Abbr.
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A
ISSN
1091-6490
DOI
10.1073/pnas.1105430108
Published
2011-08-30
Epub
2011-00-22
Pages
14539-44
Language
English
Region
United States
NLM ID
7505876
PMCID
PMC3167505
Subset
IM
Grants
NIGMS NIH HHS · R01 GM032540 · United States
NIGMS NIH HHS · GM032540 · United States
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PubMed source DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1105430108 PMC Full Text View journal details
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