Home LiteratureArticle Details
PMID: 21874316 Published · ppublish English Journal Article

Dietary Guidelines for Americans 2010: implications for cardiovascular disease.

Current atherosclerosis reports ·Vol. 13 ·No. 6 ·2011-12-00 ·Pages 499-507

Flock MR, Kris-Etherton PM

Abstract

The 2010 Dietary Guidelines for Americans (DGA) provides science-based advice to promote health and reduce risk of major chronic diseases by diet and physical activity. The primary emphasis is on food-based recommendations that meet energy and nutrient needs. The DGA is made in the context of a total diet designed to reduce the incidence and prevalence of overweight and obesity. In addition, the DGA also targets cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk reduction. DGA recommends nutrient-dense foods including fruits and vegetables, whole grains, low-fat dairy, lean protein foods including seafood, and vegetable oils. This dietary pattern beneficially affects blood lipids and other CVD risk factors. Foods and nutrients to limit include solid fats (saturated fatty acids, trans-fatty acids), dietary cholesterol, added sugars, refined grains, and sodium. Healthy dietary patterns that emphasize nutrient-dense foods will significantly benefit public health, in part, by reducing CVD risk.

MeSH Terms
Alcohol Drinking Diet/standards Dietary Fats/administration & dosage Dietary Proteins/administration & dosage Energy Intake Fabaceae Guidelines as Topic Humans Nutritional Requirements Nuts Seafood Seeds Sodium Chloride, Dietary/administration & dosage United States
Chemicals
Dietary Fats Dietary Proteins Sodium Chloride, Dietary
Authors & Affiliations
2 authors, click to expand affiliations / ORCID
Flock Michael R
Department of Nutritional Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, 110 Chandlee Lab, University Park, PA 16802, USA. [email protected]
Kris-Etherton Penny M
References (51)
51 references, click to expand
  1. Dietary saturated and trans fatty acids and cholesterol and 25-year mortality from coronary heart disease: the Seven Countries Study.
    Prev Med. 1995 May;24(3):308-15 PMID: 7644455
  2. Nut consumption and blood lipid levels: a pooled analysis of 25 intervention trials.
    Arch Intern Med. 2010 May 10;170(9):821-7 PMID: 20458092
  3. n-3 fatty acids and serum lipoproteins: human studies.
    Am J Clin Nutr. 1997 May;65(5 Suppl):1645S-1654S PMID: 9129504
  4. Nuts and novel biomarkers of cardiovascular disease.
    Am J Clin Nutr. 2009 May;89(5):1649S-56S PMID: 19321561
  5. Does fat in milk, butter and cheese affect blood lipids and cholesterol differently?
    J Am Coll Nutr. 2004 Apr;23(2):169-76 PMID: 15047684
  6. Executive Summary of The Third Report of The National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation, And Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol In Adults (Adult Treatment Panel III).
    JAMA. 2001 May 16;285(19):2486-97 PMID: 11368702
  7. Plasma lipids and lipoproteins in hypercholesterolemic men fed a lipid-lowering diet containing lean beef, lean fish, or poultry.
    Am J Clin Nutr. 2003 Mar;77(3):587-93 PMID: 12600847
  8. Mechanisms of dairy modulation of adiposity.
    J Nutr. 2003 Jan;133(1):252S-256S PMID: 12514303
  9. Relationship between alcohol intake, health and social status and cardiovascular risk factors in the Urban Paris-Ile-de-France Cohort: is the cardioprotective action of alcohol a myth?
    Eur J Clin Nutr. 2010 Jun;64(6):561-8 PMID: 20485310
  10. Intakes of long-chain omega-3 fatty acid associated with reduced risk for death from coronary heart disease in healthy adults.
    Curr Atheroscler Rep. 2008 Dec;10(6):503-9 PMID: 18937898
  11. A systematic review of the evidence supporting a causal link between dietary factors and coronary heart disease.
    Arch Intern Med. 2009 Apr 13;169(7):659-69 PMID: 19364995
  12. A systematic review of the effects of nuts on blood lipid profiles in humans.
    J Nutr. 2005 Sep;135(9):2082-9 PMID: 16140880
  13. Effect of fish oil on heart rate in humans: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.
    Circulation. 2005 Sep 27;112(13):1945-52 PMID: 16172267
  14. Meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies evaluating the association of saturated fat with cardiovascular disease.
    Am J Clin Nutr. 2010 Mar;91(3):535-46 PMID: 20071648
  15. Effects of omega-3 fatty acids on serum markers of cardiovascular disease risk: a systematic review.
    Atherosclerosis. 2006 Nov;189(1):19-30 PMID: 16530201
  16. Position of the American Dietetic Association: health implications of dietary fiber.
    J Am Diet Assoc. 2008 Oct;108(10):1716-31 PMID: 18953766
  17. Food labeling: health claims; soy protein and coronary heart disease. Food and Drug Administration, HHS. Final rule.
    Fed Regist. 1999 Oct 26;64(206):57700-33 PMID: 11010706
  18. The evidence for dietary prevention and treatment of cardiovascular disease.
    J Am Diet Assoc. 2008 Feb;108(2):287-331 PMID: 18237578
  19. Major types of dietary fat and risk of coronary heart disease: a pooled analysis of 11 cohort studies.
    Am J Clin Nutr. 2009 May;89(5):1425-32 PMID: 19211817
  20. Blood pressure response to fish oil supplementation: metaregression analysis of randomized trials.
    J Hypertens. 2002 Aug;20(8):1493-9 PMID: 12172309
  21. Effects of whole grains on coronary heart disease risk.
    Curr Atheroscler Rep. 2010 Nov;12(6):368-76 PMID: 20820954
  22. Comparison of monounsaturated fat with carbohydrates as a replacement for saturated fat in subjects with a high metabolic risk profile: studies in the fasting and postprandial states.
    Am J Clin Nutr. 2007 Dec;86(6):1611-20 PMID: 18065577
  23. Wholegrain cereals for coronary heart disease.
    Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2007 Apr 18;(2):CD005051 PMID: 17443567
  24. Effect of animal and industrial trans fatty acids on HDL and LDL cholesterol levels in humans--a quantitative review.
    PLoS One. 2010 Mar 02;5(3):e9434 PMID: 20209147
  25. Secondary prevention of CHD in UK men: the Diet and Reinfarction Trial and its sequel.
    Proc Nutr Soc. 2007 Feb;66(1):9-15 PMID: 17343767
  26. Dietary fat and coronary heart disease: summary of evidence from prospective cohort and randomised controlled trials.
    Ann Nutr Metab. 2009;55(1-3):173-201 PMID: 19752542
  27. Fish intake, contaminants, and human health: evaluating the risks and the benefits.
    JAMA. 2006 Oct 18;296(15):1885-99 PMID: 17047219
  28. Red and processed meat consumption and risk of incident coronary heart disease, stroke, and diabetes mellitus: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
    Circulation. 2010 Jun 1;121(21):2271-83 PMID: 20479151
  29. A clinical trial of the effects of dietary patterns on blood pressure. DASH Collaborative Research Group.
    N Engl J Med. 1997 Apr 17;336(16):1117-24 PMID: 9099655
  30. Compared with dietary monounsaturated and saturated fat, polyunsaturated fat protects African green monkeys from coronary artery atherosclerosis.
    Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 1995 Dec;15(12):2101-10 PMID: 7489230
  31. Food labeling: health claims; soluble dietary fiber from certain foods and coronary heart disease. Interim final rule.
    Fed Regist. 2002 Oct 2;67(191):61773-83 PMID: 12361061
  32. Dietary reference intakes for energy, carbohydrate, fiber, fat, fatty acids, cholesterol, protein and amino acids.
    J Am Diet Assoc. 2002 Nov;102(11):1621-30 PMID: 12449285
  33. Salt intake, stroke, and cardiovascular disease: meta-analysis of prospective studies.
    BMJ. 2009 Nov 24;339:b4567 PMID: 19934192
  34. Defining and setting national goals for cardiovascular health promotion and disease reduction: the American Heart Association's strategic Impact Goal through 2020 and beyond.
    Circulation. 2010 Feb 2;121(4):586-613 PMID: 20089546
  35. Triglycerides and cardiovascular disease: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association.
    Circulation. 2011 May 24;123(20):2292-333 PMID: 21502576
  36. Fruits, vegetables and coronary heart disease.
    Nat Rev Cardiol. 2009 Sep;6(9):599-608 PMID: 19652655
  37. Fish consumption, fish oil, omega-3 fatty acids, and cardiovascular disease.
    Circulation. 2002 Nov 19;106(21):2747-57 PMID: 12438303
  38. Soy protein reduces serum cholesterol by both intrinsic and food displacement mechanisms.
    J Nutr. 2010 Dec;140(12):2302S-2311S PMID: 20943954
  39. Whole grain intake and cardiovascular disease: a review.
    Curr Atheroscler Rep. 2004 Nov;6(6):415-23 PMID: 15485586
  40. U.S. Department of Agriculture and U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Dietary Guidelines for Americans, 2010. 7th Edition, Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, January 2011.
    Adv Nutr. 2011 May;2(3):293-4 PMID: 22332062
  41. Effects on coronary heart disease of increasing polyunsaturated fat in place of saturated fat: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.
    PLoS Med. 2010 Mar 23;7(3):e1000252 PMID: 20351774
  42. The 2011 Dietary Reference Intakes for Calcium and Vitamin D: what dietetics practitioners need to know.
    J Am Diet Assoc. 2011 Apr;111(4):524-7 PMID: 21443983
  43. Mercury exposure and risk of cardiovascular disease in two U.S. cohorts.
    N Engl J Med. 2011 Mar 24;364(12):1116-25 PMID: 21428767
  44. Vitamin D and cardiovascular prevention.
    Cardiovasc Ther. 2010 Aug;28(4):e5-12 PMID: 20553279
  45. Milk products, dietary patterns and blood pressure management.
    J Am Coll Nutr. 2009 Feb;28 Suppl 1:103S-19S PMID: 19571168
  46. Tree nuts and the lipid profile: a review of clinical studies.
    Br J Nutr. 2006 Nov;96 Suppl 2:S68-78 PMID: 17125536
  47. Effect of dietary fatty acids on serum lipids and lipoproteins. A meta-analysis of 27 trials.
    Arterioscler Thromb. 1992 Aug;12(8):911-9 PMID: 1386252
  48. Meta-analysis of the effects of soy protein intake on serum lipids.
    N Engl J Med. 1995 Aug 3;333(5):276-82 PMID: 7596371
  49. Comparison of the effects of lean red meat vs lean white meat on serum lipid levels among free-living persons with hypercholesterolemia: a long-term, randomized clinical trial.
    Arch Intern Med. 1999 Jun 28;159(12):1331-8 PMID: 10386509
  50. Dietary cis and trans monounsaturated and saturated FA and plasma lipids and lipoproteins in men.
    Lipids. 2002 Feb;37(2):123-31 PMID: 11908904
  51. Omega-3 fatty acid concentrates in the treatment of moderate hypertriglyceridemia.
    Expert Opin Pharmacother. 2008 May;9(7):1237-48 PMID: 18422480
Article Info
Journal
Current atherosclerosis reports
Abbr.
Curr Atheroscler Rep
ISSN
1534-6242
DOI
10.1007/s11883-011-0205-0
Email
[email protected]
Published
2011-12-00
Pages
499-507
Language
English
Region
United States
NLM ID
100897685
Subset
IM
External Links
PubMed source DOI: 10.1007/s11883-011-0205-0 View journal details
Analysis Services
Analysis Services

Contact

No. 2 Wenbo Road, Zhangqiu District, Jinan, Shandong

Qilu Normal University · Genelibs Bioinformatics Lab

750 Shunhua Rd, Jinan

2F, Bldg F, University Science Park

Tel: 0531-88819269

WeChat Official Account

Follow our WeChat subscription account for real-time updates and the latest in medical and biological research.


Business Email

E-mail: [email protected]

Copyright © 2026.Genelibs Jinan Honghui Biotechnology Co., Ltd. 鲁ICP备20007159号-2