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PMID: 23545420 Published · epublish English Journal Article Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't Review

Base excision repair.

Cold Spring Harbor perspectives in biology ·Vol. 5 ·No. 4 ·2013-04-01 ·Pages a012583

Krokan HE, Bjørås M

Abstract

Base excision repair (BER) corrects DNA damage from oxidation, deamination and alkylation. Such base lesions cause little distortion to the DNA helix structure. BER is initiated by a DNA glycosylase that recognizes and removes the damaged base, leaving an abasic site that is further processed by short-patch repair or long-patch repair that largely uses different proteins to complete BER. At least 11 distinct mammalian DNA glycosylases are known, each recognizing a few related lesions, frequently with some overlap in specificities. Impressively, the damaged bases are rapidly identified in a vast excess of normal bases, without a supply of energy. BER protects against cancer, aging, and neurodegeneration and takes place both in nuclei and mitochondria. More recently, an important role of uracil-DNA glycosylase UNG2 in adaptive immunity was revealed. Furthermore, other DNA glycosylases may have important roles in epigenetics, thus expanding the repertoire of BER proteins.

MeSH Terms
Animals Cell Nucleus/metabolism DNA/genetics DNA Damage DNA Glycosylases/genetics DNA Polymerase beta/metabolism DNA Repair Epigenesis, Genetic Escherichia coli/enzymology Humans Mice Mice, Knockout Mitochondria/metabolism Models, Molecular Mutagenesis Neoplasms/enzymology Oxygen/chemistry Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerases/metabolism Protein Conformation
Chemicals
DNA Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerases DNA Polymerase beta CCNO protein, human DNA Glycosylases Oxygen
Authors & Affiliations
2 authors, click to expand affiliations / ORCID
Krokan Hans E
Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, N-7489 Trondheim, Norway. [email protected]
Bjørås Magnar
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Article Info
Journal
Cold Spring Harbor perspectives in biology
Abbr.
Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol
ISSN
1943-0264
DOI
10.1101/cshperspect.a012583
Email
[email protected]
Published
2013-04-01
Epub
2013-00-01
Pages
a012583
Language
English
Region
United States
NLM ID
101513680
PMCID
PMC3683898
Subset
IM
External Links
PubMed source DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a012583 PMC Full Text View journal details
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