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LiteratureArticle Details
PMID: 24402279
Published · ppublish
English
Journal Article
Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Elephant shark genome provides unique insights into gnathostome evolution.
Abstract
The emergence of jawed vertebrates (gnathostomes) from jawless vertebrates was accompanied by major morphological and physiological innovations, such as hinged jaws, paired fins and immunoglobulin-based adaptive immunity. Gnathostomes subsequently diverged into two groups, the cartilaginous fishes and the bony vertebrates. Here we report the whole-genome analysis of a cartilaginous fish, the elephant shark (Callorhinchus milii). We find that the C. milii genome is the slowest evolving of all known vertebrates, including the 'living fossil' coelacanth, and features extensive synteny conservation with tetrapod genomes, making it a good model for comparative analyses of gnathostome genomes. Our functional studies suggest that the lack of genes encoding secreted calcium-binding phosphoproteins in cartilaginous fishes explains the absence of bone in their endoskeleton. Furthermore, the adaptive immune system of cartilaginous fishes is unusual: it lacks the canonical CD4 co-receptor and most transcription factors, cytokines and cytokine receptors related to the CD4 lineage, despite the presence of polymorphic major histocompatibility complex class II molecules. It thus presents a new model for understanding the origin of adaptive immunity.
MeSH Terms
Animals
Calcium/metabolism
Cell Lineage/immunology
Evolution, Molecular
Fish Proteins/classification,genetics
Gene Deletion
Genome/genetics
Genomics
Immunity, Cellular/genetics
Molecular Sequence Annotation
Molecular Sequence Data
Osteogenesis/genetics
Phosphoproteins/genetics,metabolism
Phylogeny
Protein Structure, Tertiary/genetics
Sharks/genetics,immunology
T-Lymphocytes/cytology,immunology
Time Factors
Vertebrates/classification,genetics
Zebrafish/genetics,growth & development
Chemicals
Fish Proteins
Phosphoproteins
Calcium
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Article Info
Journal
Nature
Abbr.
Nature
ISSN
1476-4687
Published
2014-01-09
Pages
174-9
Language
English
Region
England
NLM ID
0410462
PMCID
PMC3964593
Subset
IM
Grants
NIAID NIH HHS · R01 AI027877 · United States
NHGRI NIH HHS · U41 HG002371 · United States
NCRR NIH HHS · R01 RR006603 · United States
NIAID NIH HHS · AI27877 · United States
NHGRI NIH HHS · U54 HG003079 · United States
NCRR NIH HHS · RR006603 · United States
NIH HHS · R01 OD010549 · United States
Databases
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