Enhanced epitopic response to a synthetic human malarial peptide by preimmunization with tetanus toxoid carrier.

Successful human vaccination by synthetic malarial sporozoite peptides may depend on the choice of an appropriate carrier. Tetanus toxoid (TT) has been proposed because of its safe and widespread use in humans. Paradoxically, however, prior exposure to this toxoid vaccine could produce specific epitopic suppression against synthetic malarial peptides conjugated to this same protein as carrier. Indeed, we have previously reported that such a phenomenon can occur in the case of a synthetic vaccine made with a streptococcal peptide conjugated to TT. Our present study shows that similar results can be observed in mice preimmunized with TT 1 month before the administration of a conjugate containing TT and a Plasmodium knowlesi peptide. Analysis of the isotypic pattern of the antipeptide response showed that the immunoglobulin G1 (IgG1) subclass and especially the IgG2a and IgG2b subclasses were suppressed. In contrast, when a sporozoite peptide from Plasmodium falciparum was coupled to TT, the total antipeptide antibodies and particularly the IgG1 subclass were enhanced by preimmunization by TT. This increase of antipeptide antibodies was correlated with a greater ability of the sera to neutralize sporozoite infectivity. These results indicate that prior exposure to TT does not systematically impair the antibody response against a peptide administered as a peptide-TT conjugate.