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PMID: 2504729 Published · ppublish English Journal Article Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.

Evidence that calcium may control neurite outgrowth by regulating the stability of actin filaments.

The Journal of cell biology ·Vol. 109 ·No. 3 ·1989-09-00 ·Pages 1229-43

Lankford KL, Letourneau PC

Abstract

We investigated the effects of calcium removal and calcium ionophores on the behavior and ultrastructure of cultured chick dorsal root ganglia (DRG) neurons to identify possible mechanisms by which calcium might regulate neurite outgrowth. Both calcium removal and the addition of calcium ionophores A23187 or ionomycin blocked outgrowth in previously elongating neurites, although in the case of calcium ionophores, changes in growth cone shape and retraction of neurites were also observed. Treatment with calcium ionophores significantly increased growth cone calcium. The ability of the microtubule stabilizing agent taxol to block A23187-induced neurite retraction and the ability of the actin stabilizing agent phalloidin to reverse both A23187-induced growth cone collapse and neurite retraction suggested that calcium acted on the cytoskeleton. Whole mount electron micrographs revealed an apparent disruption of actin filaments in the periphery (but not filopodia) of growth cones that were exposed to calcium ionophores in medium with normal calcium concentrations. This effect was not seen in cells treated with calcium ionophores in calcium-free medium or cells treated with the monovalent cation ionophore monensin, indicating that these effects were calcium specific. Ultrastructure of Triton X-100 extracted whole mounts further indicated that both microtubules and microfilaments may be more stable or extraction resistant after treatments which lower intracellular calcium. Taken together, the data suggest that calcium may control neurite elongation at least in part by regulating actin filament stability, and support a model for neurite outgrowth involving a balance between assembly and disassembly of the cytoskeleton.

MeSH Terms
Actin Cytoskeleton/drug effects,ultrastructure Actins/metabolism Animals Axons/drug effects,ultrastructure Calcimycin/pharmacology Calcium/pharmacology,physiology Cells, Cultured Chick Embryo Cytoskeleton/ultrastructure Ganglia, Spinal/ultrastructure Microscopy, Electron Neurons/drug effects,ultrastructure
Chemicals
Actins Calcimycin Calcium
Authors & Affiliations
2 authors, click to expand affiliations / ORCID
Lankford K L
Department of Cell Biology and Neuroanatomy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis 55455.
Letourneau P C
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Article Info
Journal
The Journal of cell biology
Abbr.
J Cell Biol
ISSN
0021-9525
DOI
10.1083/jcb.109.3.1229
Published
1989-09-00
Pages
1229-43
Language
English
Region
United States
NLM ID
0375356
PMCID
PMC2115760
Subset
IM
Grants
NICHD NIH HHS · HD19950 · United States
External Links
PubMed source DOI: 10.1083/jcb.109.3.1229 PMC Full Text View journal details
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