HIV-1 induces B-cell activation and class switch recombination via spleen tyrosine kinase and c-Jun N-terminal kinase pathways.

Patients infected by the HIV type 1 (HIV-1) frequently show a general deregulation of immune system. A direct influence of HIV-1 particles on B-cell activation, proliferation and B-cell phenotype alterations has been recently described. Moreover, expression of activation-induced cytidinedeaminase (AID) mRNA, which is responsible for class switch recombination (CSR) and somatic hypermutation (SHM), was reported to be overexpressed in B cells exposed to HIV-1.,Study of primary human B cells in an in-vitro model.,In the current study, we evaluated which signalling pathways are activated in primary B cells after a direct contact with HIV-1 particles in vitro using different kinase inhibitors.,Here, we report that B-cell activation together with the increase of AID mRNA expression and the subsequent class switch recombination (CSR) in HIV-exposed B cells occurred through spleen tyrosine kinase (SYK) and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) pathways.,Therefore, we showed that HIV-1 could directly induce primary B-cell deregulation via SYK/B-cell receptor (BCR) engagement, and that activation was followed by the JNK pathway activation. To our knowledge, these data provide the first evidence that SYK/BCR activation was the first step for B-cell activation and CSR mechanism after HIV-1 stimulation in a T-cell-free context.