Home LiteratureArticle Details
PMID: 25599618 Published · ppublish English Journal Article Review

Birth weight, malnutrition and kidney-associated outcomes--a global concern.

Nature reviews. Nephrology ·Vol. 11 ·No. 3 ·2015-03-00 ·Pages 135-49

Luyckx VA, Brenner BM

Abstract

An adverse intrauterine environment is associated with an increased risk of elevated blood pressure and kidney disease in later life. Many studies have focused on low birth weight, prematurity and growth restriction as surrogate markers of an adverse intrauterine environment; however, high birth weight, exposure to maternal diabetes and rapid growth during early childhood are also emerging as developmental risk factors for chronic diseases. Altered programming of nephron number is an important link between exposure to developmental stressors and subsequent risk of hypertension and kidney disease. Maternal, fetal, and childhood nutrition are crucial contributors to these programming effects. Resource-poor countries experience the sequential burdens of fetal and childhood undernutrition and subsequent overnutrition, which synergistically act to augment the effects of developmental programming; this observation might explain in part the disproportionate burden of chronic disease in these regions. Numerous nutritional interventions have been effective in reducing the short-term risk of low birth weight and prematurity. Understanding the potential long-term benefits of such interventions is crucial to inform policy decisions to interrupt the developmental programming cycle and stem the growing epidemics of hypertension and kidney disease worldwide.

MeSH Terms
Birth Weight Global Health Humans Hypertension/epidemiology,etiology Infant, Low Birth Weight Infant, Newborn Kidney Diseases/epidemiology,etiology Malnutrition/complications Risk Factors
Authors & Affiliations
2 authors, click to expand affiliations / ORCID
Luyckx Valerie A
Institute of Biomedical Ethics, University of Zurich, 78 Lerchenbergstrasse, Erlenbach 8703, Switzerland.
Brenner Barry M
Renal Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
References (177)
177 references, click to expand
  1. The burden of diabetes mellitus during pregnancy in low- and middle-income countries: a systematic review.
    Glob Health Action. 2014 Jul 01;7:23987 PMID: 24990684
  2. Short stature and diabetic nephropathy.
    BMJ. 1995 Feb 4;310(6975):296-7 PMID: 7866171
  3. Results of systematic screening for minor degrees of fetal renal pelvis dilatation in an unselected population.
    Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2003 Jan;188(1):242-6 PMID: 12548224
  4. Maternal diabetes modulates renal morphogenesis in offspring.
    J Am Soc Nephrol. 2008 May;19(5):943-52 PMID: 18305124
  5. Maternal anemia, iron intake in pregnancy, and offspring blood pressure in the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children.
    Am J Clin Nutr. 2008 Oct;88(4):1126-33 PMID: 18842803
  6. Developmental cigarette smoke exposure: kidney proteome profile alterations in low birth weight pups.
    Toxicology. 2012 Sep 28;299(2-3):80-9 PMID: 22595367
  7. Origins of disparities in cardiovascular disease: birth weight, body mass index, and young adult systolic blood pressure in the national longitudinal study of adolescent health.
    Ann Epidemiol. 2011 Aug;21(8):598-607 PMID: 21497518
  8. Pelvi-Ureteric Junction Obstruction at Red Cross Children's Hospital, Cape Town: a Six Year Review.
    Arab J Nephrol Transplant. 2014 Jan;7(1):33-6 PMID: 24702532
  9. What works? Interventions for maternal and child undernutrition and survival.
    Lancet. 2008 Feb 2;371(9610):417-40 PMID: 18206226
  10. Obesity and preterm birth: additive risks in the progression of kidney disease in children.
    Pediatr Nephrol. 2009 Jul;24(7):1363-70 PMID: 19214591
  11. Effect of integration of supplemental nutrition with public health programmes in pregnancy and early childhood on cardiovascular risk in rural Indian adolescents: long term follow-up of Hyderabad nutrition trial.
    BMJ. 2008 Jul 25;337:a605 PMID: 18658189
  12. Histomorphometric analysis of postnatal glomerulogenesis in extremely preterm infants.
    Pediatr Dev Pathol. 2004 Jan-Feb;7(1):17-25 PMID: 15255031
  13. Role of the kidney in the prenatal and early postnatal programming of hypertension.
    Am J Physiol Renal Physiol. 2010 Feb;298(2):F235-47 PMID: 19794108
  14. Evidence-based interventions for improvement of maternal and child nutrition: what can be done and at what cost?
    Lancet. 2013 Aug 3;382(9890):452-77 PMID: 23746776
  15. Effect of maternal obesity on neonatal death in sub-Saharan Africa: multivariable analysis of 27 national datasets.
    Lancet. 2012 Oct 13;380(9850):1325-30 PMID: 22884609
  16. High birth weight and obesity--a vicious circle across generations.
    Int J Obes (Lond). 2012 Oct;36(10):1320-4 PMID: 22158263
  17. Effect of maternal calcium supplementation on offspring blood pressure in 5- to 10-y-old rural Gambian children.
    Am J Clin Nutr. 2010 Oct;92(4):741-7 PMID: 20668051
  18. Adverse effects of hyperglycemia on kidney development in rats: in vivo and in vitro studies.
    Diabetes. 1999 Nov;48(11):2240-5 PMID: 10535460
  19. Chronic partial ureteral obstruction and the developing kidney.
    Pediatr Radiol. 2008 Jan;38 Suppl 1:S35-40 PMID: 18071697
  20. Unilateral ureteral obstruction in neonatal rats leads to renal insufficiency in adulthood.
    Kidney Int. 2000 Nov;58(5):1987-95 PMID: 11044219
  21. Renal volume and function in school-age children born preterm or small for gestational age.
    Pediatr Nephrol. 2008 Aug;23(8):1309-15 PMID: 18491148
  22. Nephrotoxic medication exposure in very low birth weight infants.
    J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med. 2014 Sep;27(14):1485-90 PMID: 24168068
  23. Maternal nutritional status in pregnancy and blood pressure in childhood.
    Br J Obstet Gynaecol. 1994 May;101(5):398-403 PMID: 8018610
  24. Recovery from release of ureteral obstruction in the rat: relationship to nephrogenesis.
    Kidney Int. 2002 Jun;61(6):2033-43 PMID: 12028444
  25. Development of cardiovascular disease due to renal insufficiency in male sheep following fetal unilateral nephrectomy.
    J Hypertens. 2009 Feb;27(2):386-96 PMID: 19155792
  26. Microalbuminuria in adults after prenatal exposure to the Dutch famine.
    J Am Soc Nephrol. 2005 Jan;16(1):189-94 PMID: 15548563
  27. Hypertension and microalbuminuria in children with congenital solitary kidneys.
    J Paediatr Child Health. 2008 Jun;44(6):363-8 PMID: 18476930
  28. Vitamin A and carotenoids during pregnancy and maternal, neonatal and infant health outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
    Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol. 2012 Jul;26 Suppl 1:36-54 PMID: 22742601
  29. Effects of maternal vitamin A status on kidney development: a pilot study.
    Pediatr Nephrol. 2007 Feb;22(2):209-14 PMID: 17093988
  30. A comparative risk assessment of burden of disease and injury attributable to 67 risk factors and risk factor clusters in 21 regions, 1990-2010: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010.
    Lancet. 2012 Dec 15;380(9859):2224-60 PMID: 23245609
  31. Repeated ethanol exposure during late gestation decreases nephron endowment in fetal sheep.
    Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol. 2008 Aug;295(2):R568-74 PMID: 18565833
  32. Glomerular number and size in relation to age, kidney weight, and body surface in normal man.
    Anat Rec. 1992 Feb;232(2):194-201 PMID: 1546799
  33. Birth weight relates to salt sensitivity of blood pressure in healthy adults.
    Hypertension. 2008 Apr;51(4):928-32 PMID: 18287343
  34. Maternal smoking during pregnancy and kidney volume in the offspring: the Generation R Study.
    Pediatr Nephrol. 2011 Aug;26(8):1275-83 PMID: 21617916
  35. Maternal and child undernutrition and overweight in low-income and middle-income countries.
    Lancet. 2013 Aug 3;382(9890):427-51 PMID: 23746772
  36. Catch up growth in low birth weight infants: striking a healthy balance.
    Rev Endocr Metab Disord. 2012 Jun;13(2):141-7 PMID: 22415299
  37. Intrauterine diabetes exposure and the risk of renal disease in diabetic Pima Indians.
    Diabetes. 1998 Sep;47(9):1489-93 PMID: 9726239
  38. Relationship between weight at birth and the number and size of renal glomeruli in humans: a histomorphometric study.
    Kidney Int. 2000 Aug;58(2):770-3 PMID: 10916101
  39. Maternal supplementation with vitamin A or β-carotene and cardiovascular risk factors among pre-adolescent children in rural Nepal.
    J Dev Orig Health Dis. 2010 Aug;1(4):262-70 PMID: 25141874
  40. Number and dimensions of rat glomerular capillaries in normal development and after nephrectomy.
    Kidney Int. 1993 May;43(5):1049-57 PMID: 8510382
  41. Age, gender, race, and associations with kidney failure following living kidney donation.
    Transplant Proc. 2008 Jun;40(5):1337-40 PMID: 18589100
  42. Indigenous Australians and living kidney donation.
    N Engl J Med. 2009 Oct 8;361(15):1513-6 PMID: 19812415
  43. Etiologies of obesity in children: nature and nurture.
    Pediatr Clin North Am. 2011 Dec;58(6):1333-54, ix PMID: 22093854
  44. Normal lactational environment restores nephron endowment and prevents hypertension after placental restriction in the rat.
    J Am Soc Nephrol. 2007 Jun;18(6):1688-96 PMID: 17442788
  45. Missense mutations in the APOL1 gene are highly associated with end stage kidney disease risk previously attributed to the MYH9 gene.
    Hum Genet. 2010 Sep;128(3):345-50 PMID: 20635188
  46. The contribution of chronic kidney disease to the global burden of major noncommunicable diseases.
    Kidney Int. 2011 Dec;80(12):1258-70 PMID: 21993585
  47. Accelerated maturation and abnormal morphology in the preterm neonatal kidney.
    J Am Soc Nephrol. 2011 Jul;22(7):1365-74 PMID: 21636639
  48. Seasonality in maternal intake and activity influence offspring's birth size among rural Indian mothers--Pune Maternal Nutrition Study.
    Int J Epidemiol. 2009 Aug;38(4):1094-103 PMID: 19498084
  49. Cardiovascular risk factors after antenatal exposure to betamethasone: 30-year follow-up of a randomised controlled trial.
    Lancet. 2005 May 28-Jun 3;365(9474):1856-62 PMID: 15924982
  50. Assessment of long-term renal complications in extremely low birth weight children.
    Pediatr Nephrol. 2011 Jul;26(7):1095-103 PMID: 21461881
  51. Developmental origins of adult health and disease.
    J Epidemiol Community Health. 2004 Feb;58(2):114-5 PMID: 14729887
  52. Antenatal micronutrient supplementation reduces metabolic syndrome in 6- to 8-year-old children in rural Nepal.
    J Nutr. 2009 Aug;139(8):1575-81 PMID: 19549749
  53. Race-specific relationship of birth weight and renal function among healthy young children.
    Pediatr Nephrol. 2012 Aug;27(8):1317-23 PMID: 22399075
  54. Prematurity and programming: contribution of neonatal Intensive Care Unit interventions.
    J Dev Orig Health Dis. 2013 Apr;4(2):121-33 PMID: 25054678
  55. Low birth weight is associated with chronic kidney disease only in men.
    Kidney Int. 2008 Mar;73(5):637-42 PMID: 18094674
  56. Review: Sex specific programming: a critical role for the renal renin-angiotensin system.
    Placenta. 2010 Mar;31 Suppl:S40-6 PMID: 20116093
  57. Effect of maternal calcium intake during pregnancy on children's blood pressure: a systematic review of the literature.
    BMC Pediatr. 2007 Mar 26;7:15 PMID: 17386111
  58. Impaired cardiovascular structure and function in adult survivors of severe acute malnutrition.
    Hypertension. 2014 Sep;64(3):664-71 PMID: 24980666
  59. Retinoic acid enhances nephron endowment in rats exposed to maternal protein restriction.
    Pediatr Nephrol. 2007 Nov;22(11):1861-7 PMID: 17849154
  60. Fetal, infant, and childhood growth and adult blood pressure: a longitudinal study from birth to 22 years of age.
    Circulation. 2002 Mar 5;105(9):1088-92 PMID: 11877360
  61. Risk factors of pre-eclampsia/eclampsia and its adverse outcomes in low- and middle-income countries: a WHO secondary analysis.
    PLoS One. 2014 Mar 21;9(3):e91198 PMID: 24657964
  62. Risk factors and adverse perinatal outcomes among term and preterm infants born small-for-gestational-age: secondary analyses of the WHO Multi-Country Survey on Maternal and Newborn Health.
    PLoS One. 2014 Aug 13;9(8):e105155 PMID: 25119107
  63. Long-term medical outcomes among Aboriginal living kidney donors.
    Transplantation. 2010 Aug 27;90(4):401-6 PMID: 20562735
  64. Effect of maternal iron restriction during pregnancy on renal morphology in the adult rat offspring.
    Br J Nutr. 2003 Jul;90(1):33-9 PMID: 12844373
  65. Overweight and obesity in mothers and risk of preterm birth and low birth weight infants: systematic review and meta-analyses.
    BMJ. 2010 Jul 20;341:c3428 PMID: 20647282
  66. Microalbuminuria and lower glomerular filtration rate at young adult age in subjects born very premature and after intrauterine growth retardation.
    J Am Soc Nephrol. 2005 Sep;16(9):2762-8 PMID: 15987756
  67. The effect of intrauterine growth retardation on the development of renal nephrons.
    Br J Obstet Gynaecol. 1992 Apr;99(4):296-301 PMID: 1581274
  68. Pregnancy and childbirth outcomes among adolescent mothers: a World Health Organization multicountry study.
    BJOG. 2014 Mar;121 Suppl 1:40-8 PMID: 24641534
  69. Estimated risk of placental infection and low birthweight attributable to Plasmodium falciparum malaria in Africa in 2010: a modelling study.
    Lancet Glob Health. 2014 Aug;2(8):e460-7 PMID: 25103519
  70. Maternal protein-energy supplementation does not affect adolescent blood pressure in The Gambia.
    Int J Epidemiol. 2009 Feb;38(1):119-27 PMID: 18676982
  71. Pre-eclampsia, eclampsia and adverse maternal and perinatal outcomes: a secondary analysis of the World Health Organization Multicountry Survey on Maternal and Newborn Health.
    BJOG. 2014 Mar;121 Suppl 1:14-24 PMID: 24641531
  72. A global reference for fetal-weight and birthweight percentiles.
    Lancet. 2011 May 28;377(9780):1855-61 PMID: 21621717
  73. Developmental origins of noncommunicable disease: population and public health implications.
    Am J Clin Nutr. 2011 Dec;94(6 Suppl):1754S-1758S PMID: 21525196
  74. Early-life prevention of non-communicable diseases.
    Lancet. 2013 Jan 5;381(9860):3-4 PMID: 23290956
  75. Congenital versus acquired solitary kidney: is the difference relevant?
    Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2011 Jul;26(7):2188-94 PMID: 21045075
  76. Effects of early postnatal hypernutrition on nephron number and long-term renal function and structure in rats.
    Am J Physiol Renal Physiol. 2007 Dec;293(6):F1944-9 PMID: 17898037
  77. Prematurity in mice leads to reduction in nephron number, hypertension, and proteinuria.
    Transl Res. 2012 Feb;159(2):80-9 PMID: 22243792
  78. Birth weight, postnatal growth, and risk for high blood pressure at 7 years of age: results from the Collaborative Perinatal Project.
    Pediatrics. 2007 Jun;119(6):e1264-70 PMID: 17545358
  79. Long-term follow-up of extremely low birth weight infants with neonatal renal failure.
    Pediatr Nephrol. 2003 Sep;18(9):887-93 PMID: 12836091
  80. Genetic and shared environmental factors do not confound the association between birth weight and hypertension: a study among Swedish twins.
    Circulation. 2007 Jun 12;115(23):2931-8 PMID: 17515462
  81. Genome-wide methylation and gene expression changes in newborn rats following maternal protein restriction and reversal by folic acid.
    PLoS One. 2013 Dec 31;8(12):e82989 PMID: 24391732
  82. Birth weight and subsequent blood pressure: a meta-analysis.
    Arch Cardiovasc Dis. 2012 Feb;105(2):99-113 PMID: 22424328
  83. Long-term risks for kidney donors.
    Kidney Int. 2014 Jul;86(1):162-7 PMID: 24284516
  84. Very preterm birth is a risk factor for increased systolic blood pressure at a young adult age.
    Pediatr Nephrol. 2010 Mar;25(3):509-16 PMID: 20012998
  85. A prospective study on some factors which influence the delivery of low birth weight babies in a developing country.
    Afr J Med Med Sci. 1992 Oct;21(1):33-9 PMID: 1288241
  86. A common RET variant is associated with reduced newborn kidney size and function.
    J Am Soc Nephrol. 2008 Oct;19(10):2027-34 PMID: 18820179
  87. Early life obesity and chronic kidney disease in later life.
    Pediatr Nephrol. 2015 Aug;30(8):1255-63 PMID: 25145270
  88. Indomethacin, ibuprofen and gentamicin administered during late stages of glomerulogenesis do not reduce glomerular number at 14 days of age in the neonatal rat.
    Pediatr Nephrol. 2009 Jun;24(6):1143-9 PMID: 19238454
  89. What about the renal function during childhood of children born from dialysed mothers?
    Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2012 Jun;27(6):2365-9 PMID: 22076429
  90. Socioeconomic disparities in adverse birth outcomes: a systematic review.
    Am J Prev Med. 2010 Sep;39(3):263-72 PMID: 20709259
  91. Birth weight and risk of type 2 diabetes: a systematic review.
    JAMA. 2008 Dec 24;300(24):2886-97 PMID: 19109117
  92. The effects of postnatal retinoic acid administration on nephron endowment in the preterm baboon kidney.
    Pediatr Res. 2009 Apr;65(4):397-402 PMID: 19092718
  93. Effect of fetal and child health on kidney development and long-term risk of hypertension and kidney disease.
    Lancet. 2013 Jul 20;382(9888):273-83 PMID: 23727166
  94. Immediate and long-term renal effects of fetal exposure to gentamicin.
    Pediatr Nephrol. 1990 Jul;4(4):445-50 PMID: 2206916
  95. Impact of gestational age and birth weight on amikacin clearance on day 1 of life.
    Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 2009 Nov;4(11):1774-8 PMID: 19713296
  96. Glomerular number and size in autopsy kidneys: the relationship to birth weight.
    Kidney Int. 2003 Jun;63(6):2113-22 PMID: 12753298
  97. Big mother or small baby: which predicts hypertension?
    J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich). 2011 Jan;13(1):35-41 PMID: 21214720
  98. Global and regional mortality from 235 causes of death for 20 age groups in 1990 and 2010: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010.
    Lancet. 2012 Dec 15;380(9859):2095-128 PMID: 23245604
  99. Maternal glomerular filtration rate in pregnancy and fetal size.
    PLoS One. 2014 Jul 08;9(7):e101897 PMID: 25003331
  100. National and regional estimates of term and preterm babies born small for gestational age in 138 low-income and middle-income countries in 2010.
    Lancet Glob Health. 2013 Jul;1(1):e26-36 PMID: 25103583
  101. Both extrauterine and intrauterine growth restriction impair renal function in children born very preterm.
    Kidney Int. 2009 Aug;76(4):445-52 PMID: 19516242
  102. Increased systolic blood pressure in rats induced by a maternal low-protein diet is reversed by dietary supplementation with glycine.
    Clin Sci (Lond). 2002 Dec;103(6):633-9 PMID: 12444916
  103. Relationships between glomerular filtration rate and kidney volume in low-birth-weight neonates.
    J Nephrol. 2013 Sep-Oct;26(5):894-8 PMID: 23042435
  104. Cardiovascular risk factors in children and young adults born to preeclamptic pregnancies: a systematic review.
    Pediatrics. 2012 Jun;129(6):e1552-61 PMID: 22614768
  105. Low birthweight and risk of albuminuria in living kidney donors.
    Clin Transplant. 2014 Mar;28(3):361-7 PMID: 24547690
  106. Low birth weight, later renal function, and the roles of adulthood blood pressure, diabetes, and obesity in a British birth cohort.
    Kidney Int. 2013 Dec;84(6):1262-70 PMID: 23760284
  107. Hypertension, glomerular number, and birth weight in African Americans and white subjects in the southeastern United States.
    Kidney Int. 2006 Feb;69(4):671-8 PMID: 16395270
  108. The natural history of renal disease in Australian Aborigines. Part 2. Albuminuria predicts natural death and renal failure.
    Kidney Int. 2001 Jul;60(1):249-56 PMID: 11422758
  109. Seasonal variation of birth weight distribution in Morogoro, Tanzania.
    East Afr Med J. 1993 Dec;70(12):752-5 PMID: 8026346
  110. Short stature and hypertension in the city of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
    Public Health Nutr. 2000 Mar;3(1):77-82 PMID: 10786726
  111. Glomerular number and size variability and risk for kidney disease.
    Curr Opin Nephrol Hypertens. 2011 Jan;20(1):7-15 PMID: 21099687
  112. Combined food and micronutrient supplements during pregnancy have limited impact on child blood pressure and kidney function in rural Bangladesh.
    J Nutr. 2013 May;143(5):728-34 PMID: 23514767
  113. Bilateral pelvi-ureteric junction obstruction: our experience in a developing country.
    Niger J Clin Pract. 2014 May-Jun;17(3):267-9 PMID: 24714000
  114. Cardiovascular risk factors at age 30 following pre-term birth.
    Int J Epidemiol. 2007 Aug;36(4):907-15 PMID: 17468503
  115. Fetal and infant growth patterns and kidney function at school age.
    J Am Soc Nephrol. 2014 Nov;25(11):2607-15 PMID: 24812164
  116. Prenatal risk factors for childhood CKD.
    J Am Soc Nephrol. 2014 Sep;25(9):2105-11 PMID: 24744441
  117. Associations between antibiotic exposure during pregnancy, birth weight and aberrant methylation at imprinted genes among offspring.
    Int J Obes (Lond). 2013 Jul;37(7):907-13 PMID: 23609933
  118. Fetal exposure to maternal type 1 diabetes is associated with renal dysfunction at adult age.
    Diabetes. 2010 Oct;59(10):2631-6 PMID: 20622173
  119. The clinical importance of nephron mass.
    J Am Soc Nephrol. 2010 Jun;21(6):898-910 PMID: 20150537
  120. Birth weight and renal disease in Pima Indians with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
    Am J Epidemiol. 1998 Oct 1;148(7):650-6 PMID: 9778171
  121. In utero and in vitro exposure to beta-lactams impair kidney development in the rat.
    J Am Soc Nephrol. 2000 May;11(5):874-84 PMID: 10770965
  122. Glomeruli and blood pressure. Less of one, more the other?
    Am J Hypertens. 1988 Oct;1(4 Pt 1):335-47 PMID: 3063284
  123. Short-term gestation, long-term risk: prematurity and chronic kidney disease.
    Pediatrics. 2013 Jun;131(6):1168-79 PMID: 23669525
  124. Nephron number, hypertension, renal disease, and renal failure.
    J Am Soc Nephrol. 2005 Sep;16(9):2557-64 PMID: 16049069
  125. Relationship between gestational diabetes mellitus and low maternal birth weight.
    Diabetes Care. 2002 Oct;25(10):1761-5 PMID: 12351474
  126. How can the Developmental Origins of Health and Disease (DOHaD) hypothesis contribute to improving health in developing countries?
    Am J Clin Nutr. 2011 Dec;94(6 Suppl):1759S-1764S PMID: 21543534
  127. Long-term effects of in utero exposure to cyclosporin A on renal function in the rabbit.
    J Am Soc Nephrol. 2004 Oct;15(10):2687-93 PMID: 15466273
  128. Chronic kidney disease: global dimension and perspectives.
    Lancet. 2013 Jul 20;382(9888):260-72 PMID: 23727169
  129. Trajectories of growth among children who have coronary events as adults.
    N Engl J Med. 2005 Oct 27;353(17):1802-9 PMID: 16251536
  130. Protein intake in pregnancy, placental glucocorticoid metabolism and the programming of hypertension in the rat.
    Placenta. 1996 Mar-Apr;17(2-3):169-72 PMID: 8730887
  131. Low birth weight increases risk for end-stage renal disease.
    J Am Soc Nephrol. 2008 Jan;19(1):151-7 PMID: 18057216
  132. Is low birth weight an antecedent of CKD in later life? A systematic review of observational studies.
    Am J Kidney Dis. 2009 Aug;54(2):248-61 PMID: 19339091
  133. The long-term renal and cardiovascular consequences of prematurity.
    Nat Rev Nephrol. 2012 Feb 28;8(5):265-74 PMID: 22371245
  134. Renal programming: cause for concern?
    Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol. 2011 Apr;300(4):R791-803 PMID: 21191002
  135. Associations of linear growth and relative weight gain during early life with adult health and human capital in countries of low and middle income: findings from five birth cohort studies.
    Lancet. 2013 Aug 10;382(9891):525-34 PMID: 23541370
  136. Salt sensitivity of children with low birth weight.
    Hypertension. 2008 Oct;52(4):625-30 PMID: 18695145
  137. Role of retinoids in renal development: pathophysiological implication.
    Curr Opin Nephrol Hypertens. 1999 Jan;8(1):39-43 PMID: 9914859
  138. The associations of high birth weight with blood pressure and hypertension in later life: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
    Hypertens Res. 2013 Aug;36(8):725-35 PMID: 23595042
  139. Iron deficiency and renal development in the newborn rat.
    Pediatr Res. 2009 Dec;66(6):619-24 PMID: 19730160
  140. Pregnancy in recipients of solid organs--effects on mother and child.
    N Engl J Med. 2006 Mar 23;354(12):1281-93 PMID: 16554530
  141. Influence of fetal environment on kidney development.
    Int J Dev Biol. 1999;43(5):453-6 PMID: 10535323
  142. Exposure to famine during gestation, size at birth, and blood pressure at age 59 y: evidence from the Dutch Famine.
    Eur J Epidemiol. 2006;21(10):759-65 PMID: 17082900
  143. Hypertension, diabetes and overweight: looming legacies of the Biafran famine.
    PLoS One. 2010 Oct 22;5(10):e13582 PMID: 21042579
  144. Developmental origins of the metabolic syndrome: prediction, plasticity, and programming.
    Physiol Rev. 2005 Apr;85(2):571-633 PMID: 15788706
  145. Nephron number in patients with primary hypertension.
    N Engl J Med. 2003 Jan 9;348(2):101-8 PMID: 12519920
  146. The role of size at birth and postnatal catch-up growth in determining systolic blood pressure: a systematic review of the literature.
    J Hypertens. 2000 Jul;18(7):815-31 PMID: 10930178
  147. Adult metabolic syndrome and impaired glucose tolerance are associated with different patterns of BMI gain during infancy: Data from the New Delhi Birth Cohort.
    Diabetes Care. 2008 Dec;31(12):2349-56 PMID: 18835958
  148. Risk of end-stage renal disease following live kidney donation.
    JAMA. 2014 Feb 12;311(6):579-86 PMID: 24519297
  149. Cyclooxygenase-2-selective inhibitors impair glomerulogenesis and renal cortical development.
    Kidney Int. 2000 Feb;57(2):414-22 PMID: 10652018
  150. Intra-uterine growth restriction and increased risk of hypertension in adult life: a follow-up study of 50-year-olds.
    Public Health. 2012 Jul;126(7):561-5 PMID: 22607982
  151. Macrosomia in 23 developing countries: an analysis of a multicountry, facility-based, cross-sectional survey.
    Lancet. 2013 Feb 9;381(9865):476-83 PMID: 23290494
  152. Maternal alcohol intake prior to and during pregnancy and risk of adverse birth outcomes: evidence from a British cohort.
    J Epidemiol Community Health. 2014 Jun;68(6):542-9 PMID: 24616351
  153. Does malnutrition in utero determine diabetes and coronary heart disease in adulthood? Results from the Leningrad siege study, a cross sectional study.
    BMJ. 1997 Nov 22;315(7119):1342-8 PMID: 9402775
  154. Cardiorespiratory fitness and vigorous leisure-time physical activity modify the association of small size at birth with the metabolic syndrome.
    Diabetes Care. 2003 Jul;26(7):2156-64 PMID: 12832329
  155. Birth weight, childhood body mass index and risk of coronary heart disease in adults: combined historical cohort studies.
    PLoS One. 2010 Nov 29;5(11):e14126 PMID: 21124730
  156. Prenatal exposure to alcohol reduces nephron number and raises blood pressure in progeny.
    J Am Soc Nephrol. 2010 Nov;21(11):1891-902 PMID: 20829403
  157. The diabetic pregnancy and offspring blood pressure in childhood: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
    Diabetologia. 2012 Nov;55(11):3114-27 PMID: 22948491
  158. A basis for accelerated progression of diabetic nephropathy in Pima Indians.
    Kidney Int Suppl. 2003 Feb;(83):S38-42 PMID: 12864873
  159. Birth weight and overweight/obesity in adults: a meta-analysis.
    Eur J Pediatr. 2012 Dec;171(12):1737-46 PMID: 22383072
  160. Systematic review and meta-analysis of preterm birth and later systolic blood pressure.
    Hypertension. 2012 Feb;59(2):226-34 PMID: 22158643
  161. Type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus, hypertension and hyperlipidaemia (syndrome X): relation to reduced fetal growth.
    Diabetologia. 1993 Jan;36(1):62-7 PMID: 8436255
  162. Nephron number, glomerular volume, renal disease and hypertension.
    Curr Opin Nephrol Hypertens. 2008 May;17(3):258-65 PMID: 18408476
  163. A paradoxical teratogenic mechanism for retinoic acid.
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2012 Aug 21;109 (34):13668-73 PMID: 22869719
  164. Transmission of obesity-adiposity and related disorders from the mother to the baby.
    Ann Nutr Metab. 2014;64 Suppl 1:8-17 PMID: 25059801
  165. Maternal and childhood nutrition and later blood pressure levels in young Guatemalan adults.
    Int J Epidemiol. 2005 Aug;34(4):898-904 PMID: 15894592
  166. Can available interventions end preventable deaths in mothers, newborn babies, and stillbirths, and at what cost?
    Lancet. 2014 Jul 26;384(9940):347-70 PMID: 24853604
  167. Effects of antenatal multiple micronutrient supplementation on children's weight and size at 2 years of age in Nepal: follow-up of a double-blind randomised controlled trial.
    Lancet. 2008 Feb 9;371(9611):492-9 PMID: 18262041
  168. Maternal micronutrient deficiency, fetal development, and the risk of chronic disease.
    J Nutr. 2010 Mar;140(3):437-45 PMID: 20071652
  169. Low birth weights contribute to high rates of early-onset chronic renal failure in the Southeastern United States.
    Arch Intern Med. 2000 May 22;160(10):1472-6 PMID: 10826460
  170. Maternal early life risk factors for offspring birth weight: findings from the add health study.
    Prev Sci. 2012 Apr;13(2):162-72 PMID: 21986991
  171. Effect of maternal vitamin A deficiency during pregnancy on neonatal kidney size.
    J Perinat Med. 2013 Mar;41(2):199-203 PMID: 23093302
  172. Risk of childhood undernutrition related to small-for-gestational age and preterm birth in low- and middle-income countries.
    Int J Epidemiol. 2013 Oct;42(5):1340-55 PMID: 23920141
  173. Pregnancy complications among women born preterm.
    CMAJ. 2012 Nov 6;184(16):1777-84 PMID: 23008489
  174. Moderate zinc restriction during fetal and postnatal growth of rats: effects on adult arterial blood pressure and kidney.
    Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol. 2008 Aug;295(2):R543-9 PMID: 18525016
  175. Prepregnancy BMI and the risk of gestational diabetes: a systematic review of the literature with meta-analysis.
    Obes Rev. 2009 Mar;10(2):194-203 PMID: 19055539
  176. Being born small for gestational age increases the risk of severe pre-eclampsia.
    BJOG. 2007 Mar;114(3):319-24 PMID: 17261123
  177. Pre-pregnancy body mass index in relation to infant birth weight and offspring overweight/obesity: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
    PLoS One. 2013 Apr 16;8(4):e61627 PMID: 23613888
Article Info
Journal
Nature reviews. Nephrology
Abbr.
Nat Rev Nephrol
ISSN
1759-507X
DOI
10.1038/nrneph.2014.251
Published
2015-03-00
Epub
2015-00-20
Pages
135-49
Language
English
Region
England
NLM ID
101500081
Subset
IM
External Links
PubMed source DOI: 10.1038/nrneph.2014.251 View journal details
Analysis Services
Analysis Services

Contact

No. 2 Wenbo Road, Zhangqiu District, Jinan, Shandong

Qilu Normal University · Genelibs Bioinformatics Lab

750 Shunhua Rd, Jinan

2F, Bldg F, University Science Park

Tel: 0531-88819269

WeChat Official Account

Follow our WeChat subscription account for real-time updates and the latest in medical and biological research.


Business Email

E-mail: [email protected]

Copyright © 2026.Genelibs Jinan Honghui Biotechnology Co., Ltd. 鲁ICP备20007159号-2