Cloning, expression, characterization and mutational analysis of the tfdA gene from Cupriavidus campinensis BJ71.

2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D)/α-ketoglutarate (α-KG) dioxygenase (TfdA) is an Fe(II)-dependent enzyme that catalyzes the first step in degradation of the herbicide 2,4-D. Previous studies focused on the tfdA gene in Ralstonia eutropha JMP134 isolated in Australia. In this study, a new tfdA gene was cloned from Cupriavidus campinensis BJ71, an effective degrading bacteria from China, based on the iCOnsensus-DEgenerate Hybrid Oligonucleotide Primers (iCODEHOPs) protocol, combined with high-efficiency Thermal Asymmetric Interlaced PCR (hiTAIL-PCR). The open reading frame of 861 bp encoded a putative 287 amino acid protein with a theoretical molecular mass of 32.32 kDa. The gene was overexpressed in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3) and the purified TfdA showed optimal activity at pH 6.75 and 30 °C. This enzyme was more thermostable and it could use 3-hydrocinnamic acid as substrate, with a similar enzyme activity compared with 2,4-D. TfdA and its variants were created as maltose-binding protein (MBP) tagged fusion proteins to examine the roles of putative substrate-binding residues. The MBP-N110A, MBP-V198A and MBP-R207K proteins showed decreased k cat and increased Km, and MBP-R278A was inactive, suggesting these residues may affect 2,4-D binding or catalysis.