Abstract
microRNAs (miRNAs or miRs) are small non-coding RNAs that are involved in post-transcriptional regulation of their target genes in a sequence-specific manner. Emerging evidence demonstrates that miRNAs are critical regulators of lipid synthesis, fatty acid oxidation and lipoprotein formation and secretion. Dysregulation of miRNAs disrupts gene regulatory network, leading to metabolic syndrome and its related diseases. In this review, we introduced epigenetic and transcriptional regulation of miRNAs expression. We emphasized on several representative miRNAs that are functionally involved into lipid metabolism, including miR-33/33(⁎), miR122, miR27a/b, miR378/378(⁎), miR-34a and miR-21. Understanding the function of miRNAs in lipid homeostasis may provide potential therapeutic strategies for fatty liver disease.
Keywords
ABCA1
adenosine triphosphate-binding cassette transporter A1
ABCG1
adenosine triphosphate-binding cassette transporter G1
AMPKα
AMP-activated protein kinase α
ATP8B1
aminophospholipid transporter
class I
type 8B
member 1
Ago2
argonaute 2
ApoA1
apolipoprotein A1
BDL
bile-duct ligation
CPT1A
carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1A
CRAT
carnitine O-acetyltransferase
CYP26
cytochrome P450 family 26
CYP3A4
cytochrome P450 family 3 subfamily A polypeptide 4
ERRγ
estrogen-related receptor gamma
FABP7
fatty acid-binding protein 7
FASN
fatty acid synthase
FGF21
fibroblast growth factor 21
FGFR1
fibroblast growth factor receptor 1
FXR
farnesoid X receptor
GABPA
GA binding protein transcription factor alpha subunit
GPC6
glypican 6
HADHB
hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase/3-ketoacyl-CoA thiolase/enoyl-CoA hydratase trifunctional protein
beta subunit
HCC
hepatocellular carcinoma
HCV
hepatitis C virus
HMGCR
3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase
HMGCS1
3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A synthase 1
HNE
4-hydroxynonenal
IGF1R
insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor
IGFBP3
insulin-like growth factor binding protein 3
INSIG1
insulin induced gene 1
LIPE
lipase hormone-sensitive
LNA
locked nucleic acids
LNPs
lipid-based nanoparticles
LPS
lipopolysaccharide
Lipid metabolism
MED13
mediator complex subunit 13
MHV68
murine γ-herpesvirus 68
MTTP
microsomal TG transfer protein
NR1D1/REV-ERBα
transcriptional repressor nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group D member 1
NRs
nuclear receptors
Nuclear receptors
PCK1
phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase 1
PDCD4
programmed cell death 4
PGC-1
peroxisone proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator
PLIN1
perilipin 1
PNA
peptide nucleic acid
PNPLA2
patatin-like phospholipase domain containing 2
PPARγ
peroxisone proliferator-activated receptor gamma
RTL1
retrotransposon-like 1
RXRα
retinoid X receptor alpha
SHP
small heterodimer partner
SIRT1
sirtuin 1
SIRT6
sirtuin 6
TG
triglyceride
TLR4
toll-like receptor 4
miRNAs or miRs
microRNAs
microRNAs
pre-miRNAs
precursor-miRNAs
pri-miRNAs
primary-miRNAs