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PMID: 28117477 Published · ppublish English

Hard metal lung disease: a case series.

Mizutani RF, Terra-Filho M, Lima E, Freitas CS, Chate RC, Kairalla RA, Carvalho-Oliveira R, Santos UP

Abstract

To describe diagnostic and treatment aspects of hard metal lung disease (HMLD) and to review the current literature on the topic. This was a retrospective study based on the medical records of patients treated at the Occupational Respiratory Diseases Clinic of the Instituto do Coração, in the city of São Paulo, Brazil, between 2010 and 2013. Of 320 patients treated during the study period, 5 (1.56%) were diagnosed with HMLD. All of those 5 patients were male (mean age, 42.0 ± 13.6 years; mean duration of exposure to hard metals, 11.4 ± 8.0 years). Occupational histories were taken, after which the patients underwent clinical evaluation, chest HRCT, pulmonary function tests, bronchoscopy, BAL, and lung biopsy. Restrictive lung disease was found in all subjects. The most common chest HRCT finding was ground glass opacities (in 80%). In 4 patients, BALF revealed multinucleated giant cells. In 3 patients, lung biopsy revealed giant cell interstitial pneumonia. One patient was diagnosed with desquamative interstitial pneumonia associated with cellular bronchiolitis, and another was diagnosed with a hypersensitivity pneumonitis pattern. All patients were withdrawn from exposure and treated with corticosteroid. Clinical improvement occurred in 2 patients, whereas the disease progressed in 3. Although HMLD is a rare entity, it should always be included in the differential diagnosis of respiratory dysfunction in workers with a high occupational risk of exposure to hard metal particles. A relevant history (clinical and occupational) accompanied by chest HRCT and BAL findings suggestive of the disease might be sufficient for the diagnosis. Descrever aspectos relacionados ao diagnóstico e tratamento de pacientes com doença pulmonar por metal duro (DPMD) e realizar uma revisão da literatura. Estudo retrospectivo dos prontuários médicos de pacientes atendidos no Serviço de Doenças Respiratórias Ocupacionais do Instituto do Coração, localizado na cidade de São Paulo, entre 2010 e 2013. Entre 320 pacientes atendidos no período do estudo, 5 (1,56%) foram diagnosticados com DPMD. Todos os pacientes eram do sexo masculino, com média de idade de 42,0 ± 13,6 anos e média de tempo de exposição a metal duro de 11,4 ± 8,0 anos. Os pacientes foram submetidos a avaliação clinica, história ocupacional, TCAR de tórax, prova de função pulmonar, broncoscopia com LBA e biópsia pulmonar. Todos apresentaram distúrbio ventilatório restritivo. O achado de imagem à TCAR de tórax mais frequente foi de opacidades em vidro fosco (em 80%). Em 4 pacientes, o LBA revelou presença de células gigantes multinucleadas. Em 3, foi diagnosticada pneumonia intersticial por células gigantes na biópsia pulmonar. Houve o diagnóstico de pneumonia intersticial descamativa associada à bronquiolite celular em 1 paciente e de pneumonite de hipersensibilidade em 1. Todos foram afastados da exposição e tratados com corticoide. Houve melhora em 2 pacientes e progressão da doença em 3. Apesar de ser uma entidade rara, a DPMD deve ser sempre considerada em trabalhadores com risco ocupacional elevado de exposição a metais duros. A história clínica e ocupacional associada a achados em TCAR de tórax e LBA sugestivos da doença podem ser suficientes para o diagnóstico.

MeSH 主题词
Adrenal Cortex Hormones/therapeutic use Adult Alloys/adverse effects,toxicity Biopsy Cobalt/adverse effects,toxicity Humans Lung/diagnostic imaging,pathology Lung Diseases, Interstitial/diagnosis,drug therapy,pathology Male Middle Aged Occupational Diseases/diagnosis,drug therapy,pathology Occupational Exposure/adverse effects Retrospective Studies Tomography, X-Ray Computed Tungsten/adverse effects,toxicity
Article Info
Journal
Jornal brasileiro de pneumologia : publicacao oficial da Sociedade Brasileira de Pneumologia e Tisilogia
Abbr.
J Bras Pneumol
ISSN
1806-3756
Published
2016-00-00
Language
English
Country/Region
Brazil
NLM ID
101222274
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