Home LiteratureArticle Details
PMID: 3308853 Published · ppublish English Comparative Study Journal Article Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.

Iron regulation of Shiga-like toxin expression in Escherichia coli is mediated by the fur locus.

Journal of bacteriology ·Vol. 169 ·No. 10 ·1987-10-00 ·Pages 4759-64

Calderwood SB, Mekalanos JJ

Abstract

Shiga-like toxin is an iron-regulated cytotoxin quite similar to Shiga toxin from Shigella dysenteriae 1. The structural genes for Shiga-like toxin in Escherichia coli (sltA and sltB) appear to be transcribed as an operon from a promoter upstream of sltA. We used a gene fusion between the promoter and proximal portion of sltA with the gene for bacterial alkaline phosphatase to assess the regulation of toxin expression. Growth in low-iron conditions resulted in a 13- to 16-fold increase in alkaline phosphatase activity. In the presence of a null mutation in the fur locus, however, alkaline phosphatase activity was constitutively high regardless of the iron concentration. These data indicate negative regulation of the slt operon by the fur gene product. We used deletion analysis of the region upstream of the gene fusion to localize the promoter of the slt operon and to show that a region of DNA between the -35 and -10 boxes is necessary for iron regulation of slt expression. In this region, there is a 21-base-pair dyad repeat that is homologous to similar dyads in the promoter regions of three other fur-regulated genes. This region of dyad symmetry may represent an operator binding site for the Fur protein in the presence of iron.

MeSH Terms
Bacterial Outer Membrane Proteins/analysis,genetics Bacterial Toxins/biosynthesis,genetics Base Sequence Cloning, Molecular Culture Media Cytotoxins/biosynthesis,genetics DNA, Bacterial/analysis Enzyme Induction Escherichia coli/genetics,growth & development,metabolism Gene Expression Regulation Genes, Bacterial Genes, Regulator Iron/metabolism,pharmacology Molecular Sequence Data Operon Plasmids Promoter Regions, Genetic Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid Shiga Toxin 1 Transduction, Genetic Transformation, Bacterial
Chemicals
Bacterial Outer Membrane Proteins Bacterial Toxins Culture Media Cytotoxins DNA, Bacterial Shiga Toxin 1 Iron
Authors & Affiliations
2 authors, click to expand affiliations / ORCID
Calderwood S B
Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115.
Mekalanos J J
References (39)
39 references, click to expand
  1. Novel method for detection of beta-lactamases by using a chromogenic cephalosporin substrate.
    Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1972 Apr;1(4):283-8 PMID: 4208895
  2. Regulation of iron assimilation in microorganisms.
    Nutr Rev. 1985 Jul;43(7):193-7 PMID: 4034109
  3. Isolation from corynebacterium diphtheriae C7(beta) of bacterial mutants that produce toxin in medium with excess iron.
    Infect Immun. 1977 Oct;18(1):203-9 PMID: 409685
  4. Vero response to a cytotoxin of Escherichia coli.
    Infect Immun. 1977 Dec;18(3):775-9 PMID: 338490
  5. DNA sequencing with chain-terminating inhibitors.
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1977 Dec;74(12):5463-7 PMID: 271968
  6. Constitutive expression of the iron-enterochelin and ferrichrome uptake systems in a mutant strain of Salmonella typhimurium.
    J Bacteriol. 1978 Sep;135(3):928-34 PMID: 151097
  7. Nucleotide sequence and expression of Escherichia coli trpR, the structural gene for the trp aporepressor.
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1980 Dec;77(12):7117-21 PMID: 7012834
  8. Subunit structure of Shigella cytotoxin.
    J Biol Chem. 1981 Aug 25;256(16):8732-8 PMID: 7021550
  9. Regulation of ferric iron transport in Escherichia coli K12: isolation of a constitutive mutant.
    Mol Gen Genet. 1981;182(2):288-92 PMID: 7026976
  10. Kinetics of biosynthesis of iron-regulated membrane proteins in Escherichia coli.
    J Bacteriol. 1982 Mar;149(3):880-8 PMID: 6174499
  11. Effect of iron limitation on growth, siderophore production, and expression of outer membrane proteins of Vibrio cholerae.
    J Bacteriol. 1982 Apr;150(1):148-55 PMID: 6460753
  12. Regulation of the ColV plasmid-determined iron (III)-aerobactin transport system in Escherichia coli.
    J Bacteriol. 1982 Oct;152(1):223-31 PMID: 6749806
  13. A rapid alkaline extraction method for the isolation of plasmid DNA.
    Methods Enzymol. 1983;100:243-55 PMID: 6353143
  14. Genetic analysis of phase change in Bordetella pertussis.
    Infect Immun. 1984 Jan;43(1):263-9 PMID: 6317569
  15. TnphoA: a transposon probe for protein export signals.
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1985 Dec;82(23):8129-33 PMID: 2999794
  16. Protein fusions of beta-galactosidase to the ferrichrome-iron receptor of Escherichia coli K-12.
    J Bacteriol. 1986 Jan;165(1):181-92 PMID: 3079747
  17. Virulence genes regulated at the transcriptional level by Ca2+ in Yersinia pestis include structural genes for outer membrane proteins.
    Infect Immun. 1986 Feb;51(2):445-54 PMID: 3002984
  18. Regulation of exoprotein gene expression in Staphylococcus aureus by agar.
    Mol Gen Genet. 1986 Jan;202(1):58-61 PMID: 3007938
  19. A gene essential for Agrobacterium virulence is homologous to a family of positive regulatory loci.
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1986 Nov;83(21):8278-82 PMID: 3022288
  20. Genetics of bacterial enterotoxins.
    Annu Rev Microbiol. 1986;40:577-605 PMID: 3535654
  21. Cholera toxin transcriptional activator toxR is a transmembrane DNA binding protein.
    Cell. 1987 Jan 30;48(2):271-9 PMID: 3802195
  22. Mutations in a new chromosomal gene of Escherichia coli K-12, pcnB, reduce plasmid copy number of pBR322 and its derivatives.
    Mol Gen Genet. 1986 Nov;205(2):285-90 PMID: 3100913
  23. Nucleotide sequence of the Shiga-like toxin genes of Escherichia coli.
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1987 Jul;84(13):4364-8 PMID: 3299365
  24. Nucleotide sequence analysis of the structural genes for Shiga-like toxin I encoded by bacteriophage 933J from Escherichia coli.
    Microb Pathog. 1987 Feb;2(2):147-53 PMID: 3333796
  25. THYMIDINE-REQUIRING MUTANTS OF PHAGE T4.
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1963 Sep;50:526-32 PMID: 14067100
  26. Production of Shigella dysenteriae type 1-like cytotoxin by Escherichia coli.
    J Infect Dis. 1982 Dec;146(6):763-9 PMID: 6754826
  27. Microbial envelope proteins related to iron.
    Annu Rev Microbiol. 1982;36:285-309 PMID: 6293371
  28. Mutations that alter the signal sequence of alkaline phosphatase in Escherichia coli.
    J Bacteriol. 1983 Apr;154(1):366-74 PMID: 6339478
  29. Escherichia coli O157:H7 strains associated with haemorrhagic colitis in the United States produce a Shigella dysenteriae 1 (SHIGA) like cytotoxin.
    Lancet. 1983 Mar 26;1(8326 Pt 1):702 PMID: 6132054
  30. Purification and characterization of a Shigella dysenteriae 1-like toxin produced by Escherichia coli.
    Infect Immun. 1983 May;40(2):675-83 PMID: 6341244
  31. New M13 vectors for cloning.
    Methods Enzymol. 1983;101:20-78 PMID: 6310323
  32. Vero cell toxins in Escherichia coli and related bacteria: transfer by phage and conjugation and toxic action in laboratory animals, chickens and pigs.
    J Gen Microbiol. 1983 Oct;129(10):3121-37 PMID: 6418852
  33. Environmental and human isolates of Vibrio cholerae and Vibrio parahaemolyticus produce a Shigella dysenteriae 1 (Shiga)-like cytotoxin.
    Lancet. 1984 Jan 14;1(8368):77-8 PMID: 6140426
  34. Protein-DNA recognition.
    Annu Rev Biochem. 1984;53:293-321 PMID: 6236744
  35. Shiga-like toxin-converting phages from Escherichia coli strains that cause hemorrhagic colitis or infantile diarrhea.
    Science. 1984 Nov 9;226(4675):694-6 PMID: 6387911
  36. Promoter mapping and transcriptional regulation of the iron assimilation system of plasmid ColV-K30 in Escherichia coli K-12.
    J Bacteriol. 1985 Jun;162(3):1039-46 PMID: 2581932
  37. Diphtheria toxin promoter function in Corynebacterium diphtheriae and Escherichia coli.
    Nucleic Acids Res. 1985 May 10;13(9):3147-59 PMID: 3923442
  38. Nucleotide sequence of the iron regulatory gene fur.
    Mol Gen Genet. 1985;200(1):110-3 PMID: 2993806
  39. Isolation and partial characterization of a corynebacteriophage beta, tox operator constitutive-like mutant lysogen of Corynebacterium diphtheriae.
    J Virol. 1976 Apr;18(1):235-44 PMID: 815566
Article Info
Journal
Journal of bacteriology
Abbr.
J Bacteriol
ISSN
0021-9193
DOI
10.1128/jb.169.10.4759-4764.1987
Published
1987-10-00
Pages
4759-64
Language
English
Region
United States
NLM ID
2985120R
PMCID
PMC213851
Subset
IM
Grants
NIAID NIH HHS · AI-18045 · United States
Databases
GENBANK
M17743
External Links
PubMed source DOI: 10.1128/jb.169.10.4759-4764.1987 PMC Full Text View journal details
Analysis Services
Analysis Services

Contact

No. 2 Wenbo Road, Zhangqiu District, Jinan, Shandong

Qilu Normal University · Genelibs Bioinformatics Lab

750 Shunhua Rd, Jinan

2F, Bldg F, University Science Park

Tel: 0531-88819269

WeChat Official Account

Follow our WeChat subscription account for real-time updates and the latest in medical and biological research.


Business Email

E-mail: [email protected]

Copyright © 2026.Genelibs Jinan Honghui Biotechnology Co., Ltd. 鲁ICP备20007159号-2