Dapagliflozin Ameliorates Neural Damage in the Heart and Kidney of Diabetic Mice.

(1) Background: Measures for the control of diabetes mellitus (DM) and, especially, for the control of its complications represent a main objective of the research carried out on this disease, since both mortality and morbidity relating to DM represent real problems for the health system worldwide. The aim of our study was to evaluate nervous tissue from the heart and kidneys of mice with diabetes induced by streptozotocin (STZ) in the presence or absence of dapagliflozin (DAPA) treatment. (2) Methods: For this purpose, we used 24 C 57Bl/6 male mice, aged between 8 and 10 weeks. The mice were divided into three groups: sham (DM-), control (DM+), and treated (DM+). Diabetes mellitus was induced by injecting a single intraperitoneal dose of STZ. The duration of diabetes in the mice included in our study was 12 weeks after STZ administration; then, the heart and kidneys were sampled, and nervous tissue (using the primary antibody PGP 9.5) from the whole heart, from the atrioventricular node, and from the kidneys was analyzed. (3) Results: The density of nerve tissue registered a significant decrease in animals from the control group (DM+), to a value of 0.0122 ± 0.005 mm2 nerve tissue/mm2 cardiac tissue, compared with the sham group (DM-), wherein the value was 0.022 ± 0.006 mm2 nervous tissue/mm2 cardiac tissue (p = 0.004). Treatment with dapagliflozin reduced the nerve tissue damage in the treated (DM+DAPA) group of animals, resulting in a nerve tissue density of 0.019 ± 0.004 mm2 nerve tissue/mm2 cardiac tissue; a statistically significant difference was noted between the control (DM+) and treated (DM+DAPA) groups (p = 0.046). The same trends of improvement in nerve fiber damage in DM after treatment with DAPA were observed both in the atrioventricular node and in the kidneys. (4) Conclusions. These data suggest that dapagliflozin, when used in streptozotocin-induced diabetes in mice, reduces the alteration of the nervous system in the kidneys and in the heart, thus highlighting better preservation of cardiac and renal homeostasis, independent of any reduction in the effects of hyperglycemia produced in this disease.