CFD of the diffusion movement and concentration distribution of culinary particles in the respiratory zone of restaurant diners.

Released aerosol particles during restaurant culinary activity affect diners' health. The air conditioning system is crucial for regulating indoor air quality. However, its improper air distribution increases the individuals' exposure to particle pollution. This study investigates restaurants employing side-up airflow during summer with numerous heat sources and examines the culinary particle diffusion in the diners' respiratory zone under the combined influence of air conditioning cold jet air supply and culinary heat source heat plume. It elucidates the change rule of the concentration distribution of culinary particles under the combined action of these two heterogeneous airflows. This study investigated the movement and concentration distribution of indoor particle by numerical simulation under various air supply velocities, culinary heat source strengths and positions and tuyere opening modes. In restaurants with culinary sources, the thermal buoyancy by the heat plume causes particles to rise. However, the drag force exerted by the cold air supply jet impedes the particles' upward motion. The particle concentration distribution is significantly influenced by both the air supply velocity and the relative positioning of the heat source and the tuyere. Particle concentration increases by 27.13 % in the respiratory zone when the air supply jet trajectory is above the pollution emission source than below. Therefore, lowered air supply velocity is ideal with increased horizontal distance between the emission source and the tuyere under the condition of comfort satisfaction. This scenario mitigates the downward movement exerted by the jet on the particles. The drag force is increased with the air supply velocity increasing from 2.5 m/s to 4.0 m/s. Particle concentration is raised to 41.38 % in the respiratory zone. The drag force by the cold jet on the particles is also heightened with the bilateral tuyere than its single-side counterpart which increases particle concentration maximum by 40.30 % in the respiratory zone.