Study of association between serum anti-Müllerian hormone, glucose intolerance, and metabolic syndrome in women with polycystic ovarian syndrome: A comparative study.

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is one of the most common endocrine disorders in reproductive-aged women, affecting 5%-10% worldwide. It is a multisystem condition characterized by hyperandrogenism, chronic anovulation, and polycystic ovaries, with potential long-term complications including type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and metabolic syndrome. This study compares serum anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) levels between women with and without PCOS and evaluate the prevalence of glucose intolerance and metabolic syndrome in these groups. This prospective comparative study was conducted on 150 women of reproductive age attending the gynecology outpatient department at Rajarajeshwari Medical College and Hospital, Bengaluru. Group A (n = 75) included women without PCOS, and Group B (n = 75) included women diagnosed with PCOS based on the Rotterdam criteria (2003). Clinical examinations, serum AMH levels, 75 g oral glucose tolerance test, lipid profile, blood pressure, body mass index, waist circumference, and waist-hip ratio were assessed. Data were analyzed to determine associations between AMH, glucose intolerance, and metabolic syndrome. Serum AMH levels were significantly higher in the PCOS group (mean 7.98 ng/mL), with 63% showing elevated AMH (P < 0.005). Metabolic syndrome was also significantly more common in women with PCOS (P < 0.005). Glucose intolerance was observed in 25% of women with PCOS, but no significant association was observed between serum AMH levels and glucose intolerance in women with PCOS. Serum AMH is significantly elevated in women with PCOS and is as a potential marker for predicting metabolic risk but has no association with glucose intolerance in PCOS patients.