High-frequency rTMS mitigates acute sleep deprivation-induced anxiety-like behaviors and working memory impairments associated with hippocampal transcriptional modulation.

Acute sleep deprivation is known to impair cognitive function and emotional regulation, yet effective interventions and underlying molecular mechanisms remain unclear. In this study, we investigated whether high-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation could alleviate behavioral deficits induced by acute sleep deprivation in mice and explored the associated hippocampal transcriptomic changes. Male C57BL/6J mice were subjected to continuous sleep deprivation and received daily magnetic stimulation. Behavioral performance was assessed using Open Field Test and Y-maze. Hippocampal gene expression analysis revealed that sleep deprivation induced marked behavioral impairments and extensive transcriptional alterations in the hippocampus, whereas magnetic stimulation partially reversed these effects. Bioinformatic analysis identified key regulatory genes associated with synaptic activity and neuronal activation, with c-Fos emerging as a candidate hub gene associated with rTMS-related transcriptional modulation. These findings suggest that high-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation may mitigate acute sleep deprivation-induced cognitive dysfunction, which is associated with alterations in hippocampal gene expression.