GAL and F2R as immune diagnostic biomarkers for fetal growth restriction.

Fetal growth restriction (FGR) is associated with adverse perinatal outcomes, but reliable diagnostic biomarkers are lacking. Through bioinformatics analysis of public datasets and clinical validation, we identified GAL and F2R as potential immune-related biomarkers associated with FGR. Both genes were consistently upregulated in FGR tissues and correlated with altered immune cell infiltration. These findings suggest that GAL and F2R may serve as diagnostic markers and potential therapeutic targets for FGR, facilitating early intervention and improved neonatal outcomes.