Comparing Outcomes of Conventional Hemorrhoidectomy With Hemorrhoidectomy Using the Harmonic Scalpel.

Background Hemorrhoidal disease is one of the most common benign anorectal disorders encountered in surgical practice. Although various surgical modalities are available for grade III and IV hemorrhoids, Milligan-Morgan hemorrhoidectomy remains the gold standard treatment. However, postoperative pain is a major complication associated with this procedure. Therefore, hemorrhoidectomy using the harmonic scalpel (HS) has gained attention because of its potential to reduce tissue injury and postoperative pain. Methods This prospective single-center observational study included 112 patients with grade III and IV hemorrhoids who underwent hemorrhoidectomy using the conventional technique (n = 59) or the harmonic scalpel (n = 53) at a tertiary teaching hospital between December 2024 and May 2026. Approval was obtained from the Institutional Ethics Committee of Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research (approval number: CSP-MED/24/OCT/110/327), and written informed consent was obtained from all the participants. The study aimed to compare the efficacy of hemorrhoidectomy using the harmonic scalpel with the conventional technique in terms of perioperative outcomes. The primary outcomes included intraoperative bleeding, operating time, and postoperative pain, whereas secondary outcomes included the duration of hospital stay and postoperative urinary retention. Statistical analysis was performed, and a p-value of <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results A significant reduction in operating time (<0.001), intraoperative blood loss (<0.001), postoperative pain (<0.001), postoperative urinary catheterization (0.018), and hospital stay (<0.001) was noted in the group undergoing hemorrhoidectomy using the harmonic scalpel compared with the conventional group. Conclusion Patients undergoing hemorrhoidectomy using the harmonic scalpel demonstrated a significant reduction in intra- and postoperative complications compared with the conventional group, suggesting greater efficacy in the management of grade III and IV hemorrhoids.